Because of the network effect, achieving interoperability with such a product is both critical for any other vendor if it wishes to remain relevant in the market, and difficult to accomplish because of lack of co-operation on equal terms with the original vendor, who may well see the new vendor as a potential competitor and threat.

# Even when the original vendor is genuinely interested in promoting a healthy competition ( so that he may also benefit from the resulting innovative market ), post-facto interoperability may often be undesirable as many defects or quirks can be directly traced back to the original implementation's technical limitations.

Although in an open process, anyone may identify and correct such limitations, and the resulting cleaner specification may be used by all vendors, this is more difficult post-facto, as customers already have valuable information and processes encoded in the faulty but dominant product, and other vendors are forced to replicate those faults and quirks even if they could design better solutions, for the sake of preserving interoperability.

For this reason, it may be prudent for user communities or governments to take steps to encourage interoperability in various situations.

Descendants of the IBM PC compatibles comprise the majority of personal computers on the market presently, although interoperability with the bus structure and peripherals of the original PC architecture may be limited or non-existent.

If only the MUA needs to read or modify message flags, and only one is used, then non-standard alternative separators may be used without interoperability problems.

There may be little immediate financial incentive for a vendor to provide backward compatibility or interoperability.

Applications using UTF-8 as a default encoding may achieve a greater degree of interoperability due to its widespread use and backwards compatibility with US-ASCII.

Additionally, the possibility that " Apple will continue to modify its technology to ' break ' the interoperability that Harmony provides to consumers " would mean that " Harmony may no longer work with Apple's products, which could harm our business and reputation, or we may be forced to incur additional development costs to refine Harmony to make it interoperate again.

Modern advanced recording studios may have multiple types of DAWs in them and it is not uncommon for a sound engineer and / or musician to travel with a portable laptop-based DAW, although interoperability between different DAWs is poor.

However, implementation constraints on the solution may validly be expressed by the future owner, for example for required interfaces to external systems ; for interoperability with other systems ; and for commonality ( e. g. of user interfaces ) with other owned products.

A set of named web services specifications at specific revision levels, together with a set of implementation and interoperability guidelines recommending how the specifications may be used to develop interoperable web services.

( 1 ) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection ( a )( 1 )( A ), a person who has lawfully obtained the right to use a copy of a computer program may circumvent a technological measure that effectively controls access to a particular portion of that program for the sole purpose of identifying and analyzing those elements of the program that are necessary to achieve interoperability of an independently created computer program with other programs, and that have not previously been readily available to the person engaging in the circumvention, to the extent any such acts of identification and analysis do not constitute infringement under this title.

( 2 ) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections ( a )( 2 ) and ( b ), a person may develop and employ technological means to circumvent a technological measure, or to circumvent protection afforded by a technological measure, in order to enable the identification and analysis under paragraph ( 1 ), or for the purpose of enabling interoperability of an independently created computer program with other programs, if such means are necessary to achieve such interoperability, to the extent that doing so does not constitute infringement under this title.

( 3 ) The information acquired through the acts permitted under paragraph ( 1 ), and the means permitted under paragraph ( 2 ), may be made available to others if the person referred to in paragraph ( 1 ) or ( 2 ), as the case may be, provides such information or means solely for the purpose of enabling interoperability of an independently created computer program with other programs, and to the extent that doing so does not constitute infringement under this title or violate applicable law other than this section.

To help ensure interoperability, particularly for an OS that interfaces with multiple NEs using one of the two state models, a mapping between the models may be needed.

To help ensure interoperability, particularly for an OS that interfaces with multiple NEs using one of the two state models, a mapping between the models may be needed.

Hydrants may also be retro-fitted from thread to Storz to aide interoperability between firefighting organizations.

This definition does not exclude that some services may provide a defined level of interoperability.

The design goal of CDPD included location independence and independence fro, service provider, so that coverage could be maximized ; application transparency and multiprotocol support, interoperability between products from multiple vendors.

With good range ( up to 200 m indoors and 6 km using directional antennae outdoors ), dedicated spectrum, high interference immunity, open interoperability and data speeds of around 500 kbit / s, DECT appeared at one time to be a superior alternative to Wi-Fi.

Dublin Core Metadata can be used for multiple purposes, from simple resource description, to combining metadata vocabularies of different metadata standards, to providing interoperability for metadata vocabularies in the Linked data cloud and Semantic web implementations.

In addition, as part of the first commercial implementation of DPNSS ( in the Government Telephone Network or GTN in 1983 ), BT insisted that the core of the network be made from PBXs of different manufacture to prove the interoperability in real life.

The goals of standardization can be to help with independence of single suppliers ( commoditization ), compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality.

Yet, interoperability requires that applications be able to understand each other's serialization formats.

While it promotes readability for humans, facilitates error detection, and avoids interoperability problems such as byte-order ( Endianness ), it can slow processing speed and can be cumbersome.

The UAE believes that the Arab League needs to be restructured to become a viable institution and would like to increase strength and interoperability of the GCC defense forces.

Although computer users today are used to a high degree of both hardware and software interoperability, in the 20th century the open systems concept could be promoted by Unix vendors as a significant differentiator.

As in all interoperability scenarios, care should be taken to determine if this is acceptable before using such extensions.

In the design of digital multiplex hierarchies, care must be exercised to ensure interoperability of the multiplexers used in the hierarchy.

In telecommunication, a functional profile is a standardization document that characterizes the requirements of a standard or group of standards, and specifies how the options and ambiguities in the standard ( s ) should be interpreted or implemented to ( a ) provide a particular information technology function, ( b ) provide for the development of uniform, recognized tests, and ( c ) promote interoperability among different network elements and terminal equipment that implement a specific profile.

While interoperability was initially defined for IT systems or services and only allows for information to be exchanged ( see definition below ), a more generic definition could be this one:

The degree of interoperability should be defined when referring to specific cases.

Search interoperability refers to the ability of two or more information collections to be searched by a single query.

) The lack of interoperability can be a consequence of a lack of attention to standardization during the design of a program.

Interoperability can have important economic consequences ; for example, research has estimated the cost of inadequate interoperability in the U. S. capital facilities industry to be $ 15. 8 billion a year.

… that all such systems developed for use by U. S. forces are considered to be for joint use .” To achieve this the director of the Defense Information Systems Agency ( DISA ) is charged with “ developing information technology standards to achieve interoperability and compatibility … ensure that all systems and equipment shall conform to technical and procedural standards for interface, interoperability, and compatibility ”.

Network effects are commonly mistaken for economies of scale, which result from business size rather than interoperability.

Additionally, while not a technical issue per se, frictions often result from the unwieldy bureaucratic inter-agency processes that tend to develop to coordinate interoperability decisions.

The standard is the result of over ten years of collaboration between the various European railway companies, with the goal of achieving interoperability using a single communication platform.

By giving away their ICQ product for free and preventing interoperability between their client software and other products, they were able to temporarily dominate the market for instant messaging.

In the 1990s, the GDF standard was instrumental in enabling the European business-to-business ( B2B ) market for in-vehicle navigation in that it provided interoperability for exchanging digital map data between map manufacturers and navigation system integrators.

Web conferencing technologies are not standardized, which has been a significant factor in the lack of interoperability, transparency, platform dependence, security issues, cost and market segmentation.

OIF creates benchmarks, performs worldwide interoperability testing, builds market awareness and promotes education for technologies, services and solutions.