Postmodernists such as Salman Rushdie and Italo Calvino commonly use Magic Realism in their work.

Postmodernists might point out that this occurrence only served to demonstrate what they have always claimed: at the outer reaches of knowledge, where new claims are evaluated and disseminated, no one can be expected to know for certain what is true and what is not.

Postmodernists attempt to replace metanarratives by focusing on specific local contexts as well as the diversity of human experience.

Postmodernists take another view, suggesting that what is right or wrong is dependent on circumstance.

Postmodernists question the validity of 19th century and 20th century notions of progress-both on the capitalist and the Marxist side of the spectrum.

Postmodernists contended that truth and knowledge is plural, contextual, and historically produced through discourses.

Postmodernists, however, often demonstrate that this chaos is insurmountable ; the artist is impotent, and the only recourse against " ruin " is to play within the chaos.

Postmodernists shift attention from Marxist concerns of economic and social oppression to linguistic production, arguing that criminal law is a language to create dominance relationships.

Postmodernists consider the Frankfurt school to be one their precursors.

Postmodernists, in contrast, reject Aristotelianism ’ s claim to reveal important theoretical truths.

Pyramids at the Louvre: Music, Culture, and Collage from Stravinsky to the Postmodernists.

Pyramids at the Louvre: Music, Culture, and Collage from Stravinsky to the Postmodernists.

Post-Structuralists generally reject the notion of formulations of “ essential relations ” in primitive cultures, languages, or descriptions of psychological phenomena being forms of Aristotelianism, Rationalism, or Idealism.

Mr. Richard Preston, executive director of the New Hampshire State Planning and Development Commission, in his remarks to the Governors Conference on Industrial Development at Providence on October 8, 1960, warned against the fallacy of attempting to attract industry solely to reduce the tax rate or to underwrite municipal services such as schools when he said: `` If this is the fundamental reason for a community's interest or if this is the basic approach, success if any will be difficult to obtain ''.

These Articles ( though no longer binding ) have had an influence on the ethos of the Communion, an ethos reinforced by their interpretation and expansion by such influential early theologians as Richard Hooker, Lancelot Andrewes, John Cosin, and others.

Late in the nineteenth century astronomers such as Richard Proctor and Charles Piazzi Smyth investigated the astronomical orientations of the pyramids.

He is also known to quote thinkers such as Saint Bernard, and Richard of Saint-Victor.

John became a painter and illustrator ; Richard was an actor in films such as Yankee Doodle Dandy and later an Emmy-nominated television director of such shows as The Beverly Hillbillies.

Bob Jones, Sr. argued that if members of Graham ’ s campaign executive committee had rejected major tenets of orthodox Christianity, such as the virgin birth and the deity of Christ, then Graham had violated 2 John 9-11, which prohibits receiving in fellowship those who do “ not abide in the teaching of Christ .” In the 1960s, Graham further irritated fundamentalists by gaining the endorsement of Cardinal Richard Cushing for his Boston campaign and accepting honorary degrees from two Roman Catholic colleges.

Natural instruments are still played for period performances and some ceremonial functions, and are occasionally found in more modern scores, such as those by Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss.

Modern musicians such as Little Richard, Mark Farner, Dan Peek, Donna Summer, Bob Dylan, Kerry Livgren, Dave Hope, Dave Mustaine, Nicko McBrain, Roger McGuinn, Ted Nugent, Kanye West, Carrie Underwood, Johnny Cash, Brian Welch, Keith Farley, Cliff Richard, Charlie Daniels, Randy Travis, Alice Cooper, Steven Tyler, Mariah Carey, Nick Cannon, and Lou Gramm were artists whose born again conversions had an impact on modern culture.

If the corporate President is not the COO ( such as Richard Parsons of Time Warner from 1995 – 2001 ), then many division heads report directly to the CEO themselves, with the President taking on special assignments from the CEO.

Various examples include personal finance authors and writers such as Robert Kiyosaki, Suze Orman, Jean Chatzky, and Jim Cramer as well as fitness personalities such as Richard Simmons, Jane Fonda, Suzanne Somers, and Tamilee Webb.

The atoms in molecules model developed by Richard Bader was developed in order to effectively link the quantum mechanical picture of a molecule, as an electronic wavefunction, to chemically useful older models such as the theory of Lewis pairs and the valence bond model.

Many Columbia alumni have gone on to renowned careers in the arts, such as the composers Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein II, Lorenz Hart, and Art Garfunkel.

Writers such as John Bright and Richard Cobden opposed both aristocratic privilege and property, which they saw as an impediment to the development of a class of yeoman farmers.

Several liberals, including Adam Smith and Richard Cobden, argued that the free exchange of goods between nations could lead to world peace, a view recognised by such modern American political scientists as Dahl, Doyle, Russet, and O ' Neil.

Charles further allied himself with controversial ecclesiastic figures, such as Richard Montagu and William Laud, whom Charles appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.

For example, there are 20, 138, 200 Carmichael numbers between 1 and 10 < sup > 21 </ sup > ( approximately one in 50 billion numbers ).< ref name =" Pinch2007 "> Richard Pinch, " The Carmichael numbers up to 10 < sup > 21 </ sup >", May 2007 .</ ref > This makes tests based on Fermat's Little Theorem slightly risky compared to others such as the Solovay-Strassen primality test.

Their work however met criticism from a number of writers, such as psychologists David Marks and Richard Kammann in their 1980 book The Psychology of the Psychic.

Early works of biblical criticism, such as Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan and Spinoza's Theologico-Political Treatise, as well as works by lesser-known authors such as Richard Simon and Isaac La Peyrère, paved the way for the development of critical deism.

Some older researchers including Richard Wright argue on the contrary that diprotodont remains from several sites, such as Tambar Springs and Trinkey and Lime Springs suggest that Diprotodon survived much longer, into the Holocene.

Some evolutionary biologists, such as Richard Lewontin and the late Stephen Jay Gould have employed dialectical materialism in their approach, playing a precautionary heuristic role in their work.

Ultimately, it failed to solve many of the problems with which it was centrally concerned, and after the Second World War, its doctrines increasingly came under attack by thinkers such as Nelson Goodman, Willard Van Orman Quine, J. L. Austin, Peter Strawson, Hilary Putnam, and Richard Rorty.

Well-known philosophers such as Karl Jaspers, Leo Strauss, Ahmad Fardid, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Jean-Paul Sartre, Emmanuel Lévinas, Hannah Arendt, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Michel Foucault, Richard Rorty, William E. Connolly, and Jacques Derrida have all analyzed Heidegger's work.

Richard Rorty, for example, argued that relativist philosophers believe " that the grounds for choosing between such opinions is less algorithmic than had been thought ," but not that any belief is equally as valid as any other.

Though Derrida addressed the American Philosophical Association at least on one occasion in 1988, and was highly regarded by some contemporary philosophers like Richard Rorty, Alexander Nehamas, and Stanley Cavell, his work has been regarded by other analytic philosophers, such as John Searle and Willard Van Orman Quine, as pseudophilosophy or sophistry.

Such arguments have been expressed by a number of writers, such as Eric Hobsbawm, Todd Gitlin, Michael Tomasky, Richard Rorty, Sean Wilentz, Robert W. McChesney, Bart Landry, and Jim Sleeper.

Early eliminativists such as Rorty and Feyerabend often confused two different notions of the sort of elimination that the term " eliminative materialism " entailed.

They are also compatible with modern views such as those of Rorty and Anti-individualism approaches.

New Institutionalism is often contrasted with " old " or " classical " institutionalism, the latter of which was first articulated in the writings of John Dewey, Thorstein Veblen, John Commons, and others, and which has been further extrapolated by various philosophers and scholars such as Donald Davidson, Richard Rorty, Amartya Sen, Donald McCloskey, Warren Samuels, Daniel Bromley, E. J. Mishan, Yngve Ramstad, and others.

The Blackwell dictionary of Western philosophy ( 2004 ) defines " Neo-pragmatism " as follows: " A postmodern version of pragmatism developed by the American philosopher Richard Rorty and drawing inspiration from authors such as John Dewey, Martin Heidegger, Wilfrid Sellars, Quine, and Jacques Derrida.

He has authored over two dozen books, the themes of which pursue a radical alternative to Marxism, and about which American philosopher Richard Rorty said have a " better chance than most to be linked, in the history books, with some such world-transforming event.

The latter book is a sustained defense of a priori justification, strongly criticizing empiricists and pragmatists who dismiss it ( such as W. V. O. Quine and Richard Rorty ).

Michel Foucault provides a potent critique in his archaeology of the human sciences, though Habermas and Richard Rorty have both argued that Foucault merely replaces one such system of thought with another.

The Blackwell dictionary of Western philosophy ( 2004 ) defines " Neo-pragmatism " as follows: " A postmodern version of pragmatism developed by the American philosopher Richard Rorty and drawing inspiration from authors such as John Dewey, Martin Heidegger, Wilfrid Sellars, Quine, and Jacques Derrida.

Neopragmatists, particularly Rorty and Putnam, draw on the ideas of classical pragmatists such as Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey.