Pre-action protocols outline the steps that parties should take in particular types of dispute to seek information from, and to provide information to, each other prior to making a legal claim.

Pre-action sprinkler systems are specialized for use in locations where accidental activation is undesired, such as in museums with rare art works, manuscripts, or books ; and Data Centers, for protection of computer equipment from accidental water discharge.

Pre-action systems are hybrids of wet, dry, and deluge systems, depending on the exact system goal.

Phase II also included changes to the underlying inter-networking protocols to make them less " chatty ", which had previously been a serious problem on networks that bridged over wide-area networks.

( Some newer protocols, such as Kerberos and Active Directory use DNS SRV records to identify services by name, which is much closer to the AppleTalk model.

Well-known communications protocols are Ethernet, a hardware and Link Layer standard that is ubiquitous in local area networks, and the Internet Protocol Suite, which defines a set of protocols for internetworking, i. e. for data communication between multiple networks, as well as host-to-host data transfer, and application-specific data transmission formats.

* Recreation: Carabiners sold for use in climbing in Europe must conform to standard EN 12275: 1998 " Mountaineering equipment-Connectors-Safety requirements and test methods ," which governs testing protocols, rated strengths, and markings.

Tom McPhail defined " Electronic colonialism as the dependency relationship established by the importation of communication hardware, foreign-produced software, along with engineers, technicians, and related information protocols, that vicariously establish a set of foreign norms, values, and expectations which, in varying degrees, may alter the domestic cultures and socialization processes.

The Convention has several protocols, which amend the convention framework.

Dijkstra's algorithm is used in SPF, Shortest Path First, which is used in the routing protocols OSPF and IS-IS.

Plugins are available which add encryption and protocols such as ICQ and XMPP.

The most popular are those defined by the 802. 11b and 802. 11g protocols, which are amendments to the original standard.

Reflecting the experience of earlier Internet protocols, IMAP4 defines an explicit mechanism by which it may be extended.

Unlike some proprietary protocols which combine sending and retrieval operations, sending a message and saving a copy in a server-side folder with a base-level IMAP client requires transmitting the message content twice, once to SMTP for delivery and a second time to IMAP to store in a sent mail folder.

Those protocols operate directly on top of 802. 2 LLC, which provides both datagram and connection-oriented network services.

However, common use reduced ISDN to be limited to Q. 931 and related protocols, which are a set of protocols for establishing and breaking circuit switched connections, and for advanced calling features for the user.

This has allowed its protocols to be used in many different systems, and its standards are routinely re-used by bodies which create full-fledged architectures ( e. g. 3GPP IMS ).

For protocols like SMTP, which is used to transport e-mail for a user community in the many hundreds of millions, there is also considerable resistance to any change that is not fully backwards compatible.

IP routing is performed by all hosts, but most importantly by routers, which typically use either interior gateway protocols ( IGPs ) or external gateway protocols ( EGPs ) to decide how to move datagrams among networks.

It is commonly known as TCP / IP, because of its most important protocols: Transmission Control Protocol ( TCP ) and Internet Protocol ( IP ), which were the first networking protocols defined in this standard.

This event was a little late in the evolution of the Internet, but it cemented TCP / IP's dominance over other protocols, which eventually disappeared.

Falsifiers was published in response to the documents made public in Nazi-Soviet Relations, 1939 – 1941: Documents from the Archives of The German Foreign Office, which included the secret protocols of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and other secret German-Soviet relations documents.

Postel was the RFC Editor from 1969 until his death, and wrote and edited many important RFCs, including RFC 791, RFC 792 and RFC 793, which define the basic protocols of the Internet protocol suite, and RFC 2223, Instructions to RFC Authors.

The Janet effort resulted in the standardisation known as the Coloured Book protocols, which provided the first complete X. 25 standard.

The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ( AASHTO ) is a standards setting body which publishes specifications, test protocols and guidelines which are used in highway design and construction throughout the United States.

It turns out that in an Internet-like setting, where multiple protocols may be executed concurrently, building zero-knowledge proofs is more challenging.

In his protocols of mutual meetings, sometimes it is marked that the results as drafted were found at a walk along the Rhine river ... As we advanced with our joint work, naturally, new questions arose, and we became more daring, setting ourselves higher goals.

Evidence to show that this is the case is often provided by a Software Requirements Specification ( SRS ) setting forth the intended uses and the needs that the ELN will meet ; one or more testing protocols that, when followed, demonstrate that the ELN meets the requirements of the specification and that the requirements are satisfied under worst-case conditions.

Although the use of Ethernet standardizes the physical transport of data in an industrial setting, multiple different incompatible protocols are used and encapsulated into Ethernet data frames.

By the summer of 1973, Kahn and Cerf had worked out a fundamental reformulation, where the differences between network protocols were hidden by using a common internetwork protocol, and, instead of the network being responsible for reliability, as in the ARPANET, the hosts became responsible.

An Anti-Corruption Commission with the power to carry out formal investigations and to review government decisions and protocols was also established so as to more closely monitor all activities by public officials.

An Anti-Corruption Commission with the power to carry out formal investigations and to review government decisions and protocols was also established to more closely monitor all activities by public officials.

Some other tracks also follow these protocols, but others have a different arrangement of lines to suit their facility and to assist riders in holding a straight line and in avoiding drifting onto the flatter section below the bankings where they risk their tyres sliding out.

Connection oriented transport layer datalink protocols such as TCP may rely on a connectionless packet switching network layer protocol such as IP, where different packets may be routed over different paths, and thus be delivered out of order.

Despite the inspired nonviolent resistance of the Czech and Slovak population, the reformers had little hope of holding out against Soviet pressure and ultimately were forced to accede to Soviet demands, signing the Moscow protocols.

Any retransmissions must be carried out by higher layer protocols.

When it was discovered the Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance.

However, many modern protocols recommend against the use of the finger sweep since, if the patient is conscious, they will be able to remove the foreign object themselves, or if they are unconscious, the rescuer should simply place them in the recovery position ( where the object should fall out due to gravity ).

1. How to carry out communication and interaction of agents and which communication language or protocols should be used.

The TCP / IP suite of protocols was born out of the need to connect several of these LANs together, particularly as related to common projects among the defense department, industry and some academic institutions.

Cable runs and lamps rigged above cast / artist and crew are as much a concern for safety as much as electrical safety using ' lock out / tag out ' protocols.

A more useful form of oblivious transfer called 1-2 oblivious transfer or " 1 out of 2 oblivious transfer ," was developed later by Shimon Even, Oded Goldreich, and Abraham Lempel, in order to build protocols for secure multiparty computation.

Desperate to save the worldship, Yim accesses the Shaper Qahsa in order to find out what further protocols can help her in her goal by reaching the legendary eighth cortex of the Qahsa.

A digitally signed text may also be encrypted for protection during transmission, but this is not required when most digital signature protocols have been properly carried out.

As the chairperson and representative of the organization, McCaughey has made the prevention of hospital infections through the use of hygiene protocols and products a prominent public issue, while pointing out to hospitals that they can increase profitability and avoid lawsuits by reducing the number of infections.

In typical implementations of these protocols, it is understood that the actions attributed to characters such as Alice or Bob need not always be carried out by human parties directly, but also by a trusted automated agent ( such as a computer program ) on their behalf.

Between his appointment in 1989 and his leaving his role on September 30, 1994, Norris was forced to set out new protocols for the role of the Commissioner, as the position had some legislative function up until three years prior to Norris taking up the job.

JANET transitioned to using Internet protocols in the early 1990s, and the final mail gateway had been taken out of service by the end of 1997.

The eruption also triggers one of Teletraan I's protocols, search and repair, which sends out the Sky Spy satellite to scan holographic images of Earth vehicles for the repair part of the protocol, integrating the new vehicle forms into the Transformers ' systems as they are repaired.

Since the early 2000s, advocates of net neutrality and associated rules have raised concerns about the ability of broadband providers to use their last mile infrastructure to block Internet applications and content ( e. g. websites, services, and protocols ), and even block out competitors.

Perhaps most importantly, to prevent the behavioral problems seen in Reveille VII, “ professional training protocols and oversight to be established, implemented and periodically evaluated, will include a transition period to help Reveille successfully acclimate to and carry out her role as the mascot of Texas A & M University .”( Official Texas A & M Memo )

with the ability to use proprietary communications protocols, control aux channels for routing video signals to other sources than the program out, macro programming, and DVE ( Digital Video Effects ) capabilities.