* Prepubescent children ; though some parents will encourage their children to fast earlier for shorter periods, so the children get used to fasting.

Prepubescent girls ' hymenal openings come in many shapes, depending on hormonal and activity level, the most common being crescentic ( posterior rim ): no tissue at the 12 o ' clock position ; crescent-shaped band of tissue from 1 – 2 to 10 – 11 o ' clock, at its widest around 6 o ' clock.

Prepubescent children's dæmons can change form voluntarily, almost instantly, to become any creature, real or imagined, although there is an upper limit to the physical size they can attain.

Research supports the use of NSAIDs for the control of pain associated with veterinary procedures such as dehorning and castration of calves.

In the past, surgical castration was advocated as a therapy for men with pedophilia, but has been abandoned for the time being because most governments consider it a cruel punishment where the express willingness and consent of the patient is not objectively indicated.

Issues related to the removal of the penis appear in psychology, for example in the condition known as castration anxiety, which happens as a result of a man having anxiety as to whether he may at some point become castrated.

Brill criticised physical treatments for homosexuality such as bladder washing, rectal massage, and castration, along with hypnosis, but referred approvingly to Freud and Sadger's use of psychoanalysis, calling its results “ very gratifying .“ Since Brill understood cure of homosexuality to mean restoring heterosexual potency, he claimed that he had cured his patients in several cases, even though many remained homosexual.

The Shakers, on the other hand, impose chastity in the form of celibacy for all members, even forgoing procreation such as the case with the castration cult.

In a corresponding reformulation of the castration complex, Jones introduced the concept of “ aphanisis ” to refer to the fear of " the permanent extinction of the capacity ( including opportunity ) for sexual enjoyment ".

The earliest records for intentional castration to produce eunuchs are from the Sumerian city of Lagash in the 21st century BC.

Men sentenced to castration were turned into eunuch slaves of the Qin dynasty state to perform forced labor for projects such as the Terracotta Army.

The practice of religious castration continued into the Christian era, with members of the early church castrating themselves for religious purposes, although the extent and even the existence of this practice among Christians is subject to debate.

During the reign of King Mu of Zhou the Minister of Crime, Marquis Lu, reformed the law in 950 BC to make it easier for people to be sentenced to castration instead of death.

In Han dynasty China castration continued to be used as a punishment for various offences.

In 1778, Thomas Jefferson wrote a bill in Virginia reducing the punishment for rape, polygamy or sodomy from death to castration.

Wim Deetman has been criticised by the Dutch parliament for failing to include evidence of castration in his report on sexual abuse by the Roman Catholic Church, when children were ' punished ' by castration in the 1950s for reporting sexual abuse by Roman Catholic priests.

" Voluntary " chemical or surgical castration has been in practice in many countries — reports are available from American and European countries in particular for over eighty years ( chemical for circa thirty )— as an option for treatment for people who have broken laws of a sexual nature, allowing them to return to the community from otherwise lengthy detentions.

A temporary chemical castration has been studied and developed as a preventive measure and punishment for several repeated sex crimes, such as rape or other sexually related violence.

The concept of castration plays an important role in psychoanalysis ; see, for example, castration anxiety.

The first use of chemical castration occurred in 1944, when diethylstilbestrol was used with the purpose of lowering men's testosterone.

Testosterone-depletion treatment ( either surgical removal of both testicles or chemical castration ) is used to slow down the cancer, greatly reduce sex drive or interest in those with sexual drives, obsessions, or behaviors, or any combination of those that may be considered deviant.

* Adult male after late castration ; see Castration # In veterinary practice

Aqa Mohammad Khan Qajar, who established the Qajar Dynasty in Iran ( in 18th century ), was a victim of castration by officers of the previous kingdom.

The book's afterword reveals Rice's extensive research, ranging from medical and anatomic information into castration to her immersion in the world of 18th century opera.

* By the end of the third century, many male followers of Early Christianity considered castration as an acceptable way to counter sinful desires of the flesh.

In 19th century Europe it was not unheard of for parents to threaten their misbehaving sons with castration or otherwise threaten their genitals.

The hijra is the only sect that practices castration, a custom introduced during Muslim rule around the tenth century A. D.

In the most famous version of her myth, her birth was the consequence of a castration: Cronus severed Uranus ' genitals and threw them behind him into the sea.

Much of Spain was under Muslim rulers during the Middle Ages, and castration had a history going back to the ancient near east.

In 1951 she gave a lecture about treatment of homosexuality which was criticised by Edmund Bergler, who emphasised the oral fears of patients and minimized the importance of the phallic castration fears she had discussed.

Passive homosexuality was intolerable to the patient because it was associated with castration, but it was deeply rooted in his psychology because “ submission and obedience to the father as their aim the right to take his place .”

From ancient times until the Sui Dynasty, castration was both a traditional punishment ( one of the Five Punishments ) and a means of gaining employment in the Imperial service.

In 1879, it was confirmed that the sentence of castration was carried out, Yaqub Beg's son and grandsons were castrated by the Chinese court in 1879 and turned into eunuchs to work in the Imperial Palace.

The 18th-century Russian Skoptzy ( скопцы ) sect was an example of a castration cult, where its members regarded castration as a way of renouncing the sins of the flesh.

According to legend, during the reign of the legendary Emperor Shun and Yu in China, in 2281 BC castration was passed into law as a punishment, which remained so until the reign of Gaozu ( 589 – 600 AD ).

Another famous victim of castration was the medieval French philosopher, scholar, teacher, and ( later ) monk Pierre Abélard.

In 1879, it was confirmed that the sentence of castration was carried out, Yaqub Beg's son and grandsons were castrated by the Chinese court in 1879 and turned into eunuchs to work in the Imperial Palace.

Physical castration appears to be highly effective as, historically, it results in a 20-year re-offense rate of less than 2. 3 % vs. 80 % in the untreated control group, according to a large 1963 study involving a total of 1036 sex offenders by the German researcher A. Langelüddeke, among others — much lower than what was otherwise expected.

" Don Grubin, a professor at Newcastle University's Institute of Neuroscience who also runs a chemical castration program backed by the U. K .' s Ministry of Justice, was initially opposed to physical castration.

A further step in preventing future usurpations was the castration of Michael's sons.

The Chinese were involved in a plot to kill the mad king, and a Chinese deputy envoy called Chi Tu who brought a doctor to attend to him was punished by castration when he returned to China.

In one study, the efficacy of reducing prostate cancer cells by castration was compared to combined androgen blockade ( CAB ) in which castration is combined with an antiandrogenic drug.