Prior to the Pension Protection Act, employers were held responsible for investment losses as a result of such automatic enrollments.

Prior to his first visitation date with Zackary, an unknown assailant shot Gilbride dead by automatic weapon fire as he sat in his car shortly after midnight on September 27 while parked outside his home in an execution-style slaying.

Prior vacancies in the office had been filled by the incumbent assistant chief, and Arnold's appointment to succeed Westover seemed automatic since he was well-qualified.

Prior to the House of Lords Act 1999, an hereditary peer could not disclaim a peerage after having applied for a writ of summons to Parliament ; now, however, hereditary peers do not have the automatic right to a writ of summons to the House.

Prior to this, quadrant-selected automatic transmissions often used a P-N-D-L-R layout, or similar.

Prior to World War II, hand crafted automatic knives marked Campobasso or Frosolone were often called Flat Guards because of the two-piece top bolster design.

Prior to 1987 there was no automatic promotion and relegation between The Football League and the leagues of non-League football.

Prior to the reform of the Code of Canon Law in 1983, a distinction was made between coadjutor bishops cum jure succesionis and those without – that is, some coadjutors were appointed with the automatic right of succession, and others without such a right ( the latter were usually appointed for archbishops with particularly large dioceses who also held other important posts and to honor certain auxiliary bishops – for instance, Coadjutor Archbishop John Maguire assisted Cardinal Francis Spellman, who was simultaneously Archbishop of New York and also head of what later became the Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA, two of the largest archdioceses in the country ).

Prior to June 22, 2009, new employees had to wait at least one year before receiving matching contributions ( including Agency Automatic Contributions ); after this date employees were eligible for automatic contributions from day one of employment, and are immediately eligible for matching contributions once the employee begins contributing to the TSP.

Prior to this date, there was no automatic participation.

Prior to 1971, there was no automatic succession law.

Prior to trading messages it is necessary to add and approve contacts in the address book, although the person added will not get an automatic notification of the request, and must be notified by other means.

Prior to 21 May 2002 only BOTCs from the Falkland Islands and Gibraltar had automatic access to British citizenship.

Prior to the invention of tension rods drum skins were attached and tuned by rope systems such as that used on the Djembe or pegs and ropes such as that used on Ewe Drums, a system rarely used today, although sometimes seen on regimental marching band snare drums.

Prior to the development of DTMF, numbers were dialed on automated telephone systems by means of pulse dialing ( Dial Pulse or DP in the U. S .) or loop disconnect ( LD ) signaling, which functions by rapidly disconnecting and re-connecting the calling party's telephone line, similar to flicking a light switch on and off.

Prior to satellite geodesy era, the coordinate systems associated with a geodetic datum attempted to be geocentric, but their origins differed from the geocentre by hundreds of metres, due to regional deviations in the direction of the plumbline ( vertical ).

Prior to locomotives, the motive force for railroads had been generated by various lower-technology methods such as human power, horse power, gravity or stationary engines that drove cable systems.

Prior to this acquisition, QNX software was already widely used in the automotive industry for telematics systems.

Prior to World War I motorized ambulances started to be developed, but once they proved their effectiveness on the battlefield during the war the concept spread rapidly to civilian systems.

Prior to the development of the ISO 14000 series, organizations voluntarily constructed their own EMS systems, but this made comparisons of environmental effects between companies difficult and therefore the universal ISO 14000 series was developed.

Prior to the adoption of the metric system, many systems of troy weights were in use in various parts of Europe, among them Holland troy, Paris troy, etc.

Prior to the war, Lufthansa and the German aircraft industry invested heavily in the development of commercial aviation and various systems and methodologies that would improve its safety and reliability.

Prior to 1994, Qmail was the outbound message processor for PCBoard BBS systems.

Prior to the first closure experiment in Biosphere 2, initial tests were carried out in a smaller, 480 cubic meter onsite facility ( the " Test Module "), looking at potable water generation, atmospheric sealing, atmospheric expansion and contraction, and the behavior of life systems inside a closed ecological system.

Prior to the STB merger finalizing, some of 3dfx's OEMs warned the company that any product from Juarez will not be deemed fit to ship with their systems, however 3dfx management believed these problems could be addressed over time.

Prior to the League's creation, a large portion of humanity departed for other planets and solar systems in what came to be known as the Diaspora, leaving those who remained to rebuild from the effects of pollution, resource exhaustion, and the cataclysmic Final War.

Prior to the advent of home theater systems, when VCRs were used, the enhanced sound option was stereo high-fidelity sound or Dolby Pro Logic for Dolby Surround-encoded tapes.

Prior to working for Union Pacific, Curran worked for Paxton and Vierling Steel ( pvsteel. com ), also in Omaha, which engineered banana conveyor systems to load cargo ships in the tropics.

Prior to its founding, access to Usenet and E-mail exchange from non-ARPANET sites was accomplished using a cooperative network of systems running the UUCP protocol over POTS lines.

Prior to modern times, the three main branches of the current corporate family tree were for many years themselves systems: Norfolk and Western, formed in 1881, Southern Railway System in 1894, and Conrail, formed much later, in 1976 .< ref name = trainsmag >

Prior to the invention of the linked-list a dope vector was used internally in the internal structure of computer systems.

Prior to this and for quite some time after, many other personal computer systems instead used their main, general purpose CPU to handle almost every aspect of drawing the display short of generating the final video signal.

Prior to her political career, she was a computer programmer and systems analyst from 1962 to 1974, and a director of the Save the Children Foundation from 1974 to 1985.

This is evident in the fact that Prior Appropriation considers water to be a commodity owned by private individuals while acequia systems treat water as a community resource that irrigators have a shared right to use, manage, and protect.

Prior to that time most systems only supported the original 8-bit addresses.

Prior art ( also known as state of the art, which also has other meanings, or background art ), in most systems of patent law, constitutes all information that has been made available to the public in any form before a given date that might be relevant to a patent's claims of originality.

Prior to fall 2008, the channel had received much of its programming from CHUM's Citytv and A-Channel ( now CTV Two ) systems, which did not operate in the region ; beginning in the early 2000s, timeshifted CTV programs often aired on the channel as well.

Prior to leaving for America Warman had asked Peter Gabriel if he would sing on the album to which he agreed, with the musicians moving to America and then returning to England they had forgotten that Peter had said he would contribute towards the album so were surprised one day when the phone rang informing them that Peter was on his way to the studio.

Prior to the introduction of AutoCAD, most other CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator ( user ) working at a graphical terminal or workstation.

Prior to 1900 this area was known as Clements, but is now named for William Theodore Hieronymous ( a sawmill operator and postmaster ).

Prior to 1961, all Ford wagons used a two-piece tailgate assembly that required the operator to lift the rear window up and locking it into place via a mechanical support, and then drop the tail gate down to fully access the rear compartment.

Prior to encoding anything using the M-209, the operator must set the machine according to a preset configuration.

Prior, Airspeed Aviation had been the exclusive operator offering regional service to Victoria, B. C.

Prior to bus deregulation in 1986, A1 Service did regularly spar with the dominant operator in the region, Western SMT ( later Western Scottish ).

Prior to becoming the scoreboard operator, he was the clubhouse assistant for the Kinston Blue Jays.

Prior to 1974, livery of taxis in Hong Kong were based on the operator / owners.