Prior to his appointment as Duke, Otto had been a long-time opponent of Henry II's expanding influence in Swabia.

Prior to the 2008-09 season opener, the Blackhawks named Toews, at 20 years and 79 days, as the new captain, succeeding the traded Lapointe and making him the third-youngest captain at the time of appointment.

Prior to his court appointment, Michael was originally a money-changer, but it was believed that he was also secretly a forger of false coins.

Prior to that appointment, Foley was President Emeritus of Pontifical Council for Social Communications and Titular Archbishop of Neapolis in Proconsulari.

Prior to her appointment, she was Assistant to the President and Director of the White House Office of Public Engagement.

Prior to Slatkin's appointment, Peter Oundjian was the DSO's Artistic Advisor, and continues to hold the title of Principal Guest Conductor.

Prior to his appointment to Ethiopia by John F. Kennedy, Korry was European editor for Look magazine and a United Press correspondent in post-World War II Europe.

Prior to his appointment to Sydney University in 2004, he taught for over 28 years at the University of New South Wales.

Prior vacancies in the office had been filled by the incumbent assistant chief, and Arnold's appointment to succeed Westover seemed automatic since he was well-qualified.

Prior to Eisenhower's appointment as Supreme Commander all planning for Overlord fell to the Chief of Staff to the Supreme Commander Allied Forces ( COSSAC ), Frederick E. Morgan.

Prior to granting access to information, an individual who has been cleared must sign a Security Screening Certificate and Briefing Form ( TBS / SCT 330-47 ), indicating their willingness to be bound by several Acts of Parliament during and after their appointment finishes.

Prior to his appointment, Euphemius was a presbyter of Constantinople, administrator of a hospital for the poor at Neapolis, unsuspected of any Eutychian leanings, and is described as learned and very virtuous.

Prior to his appointment as LSU's eighth chancellor, Dr. Martin had established a distinguished career in higher education, serving most recently as president of New Mexico State University.

Prior to this appointment Horinko was Assistant Administrator for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response ( OSWER ) at EPA, having been confirmed by the U. S. Senate on October 1, 2001.

The administrative structure designed by Philip II of Spain was blurring, first with the appointment of a Governor by Carlos III — detrimental to the powers of the Lord Mayor and El Escorial's Prior — and, subsequently, with the privatization of land.

Prior to her appointment as Governor-General, she presided over a 1988 inquiry into issues related to cervical cancer and its treatment at Auckland's National Women's Hospital, known as the Cartwright Inquiry.

Prior to his appointment, Everton Chairman Bill Kenwright contacted Moyes and invited him to his home in London to discuss the available position at Everton.

Prior to her appointment as Lieutenant Governor, Weston spent over two decades working in business and in the fashion industry.

Prior to assuming the role of governor upon the appointment of Tommy Thompson as Secretary of Health and Human Services, McCallum served as a member of the Wisconsin State Senate and as the 41st Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin.

Prior to his appointment as Deputy Secretary, he served as the second administrator of the Transportation Security Administration from 2002 to 2003, and before that as the Commandant of the Coast Guard from 1998 to 2002.

Prior to this appointment, he served as the United States Deputy Secretary of State and as the first ever Director of National Intelligence.

Prior to his appointment as Prime Minister, he served as the deputy prime minister for industry, energy, transport, and communications from 2001 to 2003.

Prior to his appointment, he had served for over a decade in the upper echelons of APHIS as:

Prior to his appointment as Chancellor, he had served in a number of other positions, including as Prime Minister of Bavaria ( 1866 – 1870 ), German Ambassador to Paris ( 1873 – 1880 ), Foreign Secretary ( 1880 ) and Imperial Lieutenant of Alsace-Lorraine ( 1885 – 1894 ).

Prior to the 1950s, Alberta was a primarily agricultural economy, based on the export of wheat, beef, and a few other commodities.

Prior to the Seven Years ' War ( 1756 – 63 ), the economy of Saint-Domingue gradually expanded, with sugar and, later, coffee becoming important export crops.

Prior to the publication of Keynes ' General Theory, mainstream economic thought was that the economy existed in a state of general equilibrium, meaning that the economy naturally consumes whatever it produces because the needs of consumers are always greater than the capacity of the economy to satisfy those needs.

Prior to this date, the small island country of 12, 000 had an export economy based on agriculture, clothing, electronic parts and plants, with a per capita gross national product of USD 3, 000 to 8, 000.

Prior to British contact the Meriam people had lived on the islands in a subsistence economy based on cultivation and fishing.

Prior to 1991, the Soviet economy was the second largest in the world, but during its last years it was afflicted by shortages of goods in grocery stores, huge budget deficits, and explosive growth in money supply leading to inflation.

Prior to the Reagan administration, the United States economy experienced a decade of rising unemployment and inflation, ( known as stagflation ).

Prior to its dissolution in 1991, the USSR had the second largest economy in the world after the United States.

Prior to the industrial revolution, Norway's economy was largely based on agriculture, timber, and fishing.

Prior to 1984 the EPA reported the exact fuel economy figures calculated from the test.

Prior to the Civil War, the county was the second wealthiest in the state ; its resources of timber and rich soil ( farmed for a diversity of crops including rye, corn, oats, tobacco, potatoes, wheat, peas, barley, and hay ) provided a stable economy, as opposed to reliance on one cash crop.

Prior to the late 1930s, Sevier County's population, economy, and society — which relied primarily on subsistence agriculture — held little significance vis-à-vis any other county in the rural South.

Prior to US occupation, Iraq had a centrally planned economy.

Prior to the Seven Years ' War ( 1756 – 1763 ), the economy of Saint-Domingue gradually expanded, with sugar and, later, coffee becoming important export crops.

Prior to becoming an independent authority, ELSTAT was involved in a number of scandals involving false statistics regarding the condition of the Greek economy in recent years.

Prior to the war, Stepanakert's economy revolved mostly around food processing, silk weaving, and winemaking.

Prior to World War II, Canada's economy was primarily agricultural.

Prior to the campaign, Barend was best known for her congressional staff work in bringing a major interstate highway, Interstate 86, to the " Southern Tier " area of New York state, in an attempt to revitalize the lagging economy of the region.

Prior to 1825, few showed much interest in the northern part of the province, but in that year the Great Miramichi Fire raged through central New Brunswick and into Maine, destroying the forests that were the mainstay of the province's economy.

Prior to Katrina ’ s landfall in 2005, the economy of New Orleans relied heavily on its usefulness and income derived from being a port city.