Prior to the development of DTMF, numbers were dialed on automated telephone systems by means of pulse dialing ( Dial Pulse or DP in the U. S .) or loop disconnect ( LD ) signaling, which functions by rapidly disconnecting and re-connecting the calling party's telephone line, similar to flicking a light switch on and off.

Prior to becoming WDHT, the 102. 9 frequency was originally licensed to Springfield as WBLY-FM from 1958 to 1979, simulcasting middle of the road WBLY-AM before the FM switch to rock.

Prior to its switch to its news and information format, the station was a multi-format station of NPR news, classical music and jazz music.

Prior to 2006, from around 5am or 6am to 9am on Saturday mornings and 4am to the end of show on Sundays, Rage would switch to the weekly Top Fifty from the ARIA singles chart.

Prior to its switch to all-classical, it was a college rock station from 1987 until the late 1990s.

Prior to the switch to Alternative rock, the station was known as " Hot 105 KCCQ " with a contemporary hit radio format.

Prior to the development of battery-powered safety blinkers on saw-horses, many highway departments used small oil-burning safety pot markers to denote work zones, and many railroad systems still rely on oil-fired switch heaters, long tubs of fuel with a wick, that fits between the ties and keeps snow and ice from fouling the points of a switch.

Prior to the switch to Global Shopping Network in April 1997, WNDS also ran three additional shows: High School Sports Review ( which looked at high school sports news in the station's broadcast region ), Sports Wrap ( a Sports Talk show discussing Boston sports ), and WNDS News Up Front ( a local newsmagazine ).

Prior to his inauguration, he led a meeting of advisors at Pearl Harbor addressing foremost issues ; agreed objectives were to balance the budget during his term, to bring the Korean War to an end, to defend vital interests at lower cost through nuclear deterrent, and to end price and wage controls.

Prior to Pearl Harbor, Warner Brothers warned of Confessions of a Nazi Spy whilst PRC told of Hitler, Beast of Berlin.

Prior to Pearl Harbor, training centres were made available for the RAF ; by war's end, 16, 000 RAF aircrew were trained in the United States.

Prior to Pearl Harbor, Buckner was promoted to Brigadier General and assigned to fortify and protect Alaska as commander of the Army's Alaska Defense Command.

Prior to that date as the Earth's plates had begun to join the Pearl Islands were created and they emerged from the sea.

Prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor, American planners foresaw the possibility of a two-front war.

Prior to their attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese occupied French Indochina.

Prior to Pearl Harbor, General Henry H. " Hap " Arnold, commander of the USAAF, had turned down both Love's 1940 proposal and that of the better connected and more famous Cochran, despite the lobbying by Eleanor Roosevelt.

Prior to the 2007 provincial election, the district was known as Mount Pearl.

Prior to 1989, SH 289 began north of downtown Dallas, Texas ( USA ) in the Oak Lawn neighborhood at an intersection with Pearl Street.

Prior to her marriage to Stewart, Fahey was romantically involved with Jim Reilly, the drummer for the Northern Irish punk rock band Stiff Little Fingers and Scottish singer Bobby Bluebell of The Bluebells, with whom she co-wrote the UK # 1 pop song " Young At Heart ".

Prior to the arrival of humans in New Zealand they had a widespread distribution across North, South and Stewart Island / Rakiura.

), with issue ; her second husband was John Stewart, Lord Darnley, Prior of Coldingham, by whom she had Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell ; her third husband the notorious Archibald Douglas, Parson of Douglas, a Senator of the College of Justice, and brother of William Douglas of Whittinghame.

Prior to the appointment of Warren Burger as Chief Justice, many speculated that President Richard Nixon would elevate Stewart to the post, some going so far as to call him the front-runner.

Prior to Guiding Light, Stewart appeared as Casey Bowman on Loving.

Arran was found to be enjoying the company of an Edinburgh merchant's daughter, Alison Craig, described by Randolph as ' a good handsome wench ' in December 1561, and the interference of the Earl of Bothwell, Lord John Stewart, Prior of Coldingham, and René, Marquis of Elbeuf led to an armed stand-off.

* James Stewart, Prior of St Andrews, later to become Regent Moray

St Leonard's College of the University of St Andrews ( originally the College of Poor Clerks of the Church of St Andrews ) was founded in 1511 by Alexander Stewart, Archbishop of St Andrews and John Hepburn, Prior of St Andrews ( receiving Papal recognition by proxy in 1545 ), on the site of St Leonard's Hospital and Church.

Prior to modern times, there was no distinction between architects, engineers and often artists, and the title used varied depending on geographical location.

Prior to the emergence of the term Mizrahi, the term " Arab Jews " was sometimes used to describe Jews of the Arab world.

Prior to this definition, it was used by Persian-speakers ( and others influenced by Persian ) to denote the Pashtun people.

Prior to the Smartmodem, modems were almost entirely manual in operation, having developed from acoustic couplers that used a traditional telephone for dialling and hanging up.

Prior to the development of the pound lock in 984AD in China by Chhaio Wei-Yo and later in Europe in the 15th century, either flash locks consisting of a single gate were used or ramps, sometimes equipped with rollers, were used to change level.

Prior to the standardization of rapid radiosity calculation, some graphic artists used a technique referred to loosely as false radiosity by darkening areas of texture maps corresponding to corners, joints and recesses, and applying them via self-illumination or diffuse mapping for scanline rendering.

Prior to 1970, writers only voted for the best pitcher and used a formula of one point per vote.

Prior to the invention of tension rods drum skins were attached and tuned by rope systems such as that used on the Djembe or pegs and ropes such as that used on Ewe Drums, a system rarely used today, although sometimes seen on regimental marching band snare drums.

Prior to J2000. 0, astronomers used the successive Besselian Epochs B1875. 0, B1900. 0, and B1950. 0.

Prior to the 1996 Australian Grand Prix, an earlier configuration of the current circuit was used for both the 1953 and 1956 Australian Grands Prix.

Prior to version 0. 7, Freenet used a heuristic routing algorithm where each node had no fixed location, and routing was based on which node had served a key closest to the key being fetched ( in version 0. 3 ) or which is estimated to serve it faster ( in version 0. 5 ).

Prior to FORTRAN 77, a number of preprocessors were commonly used to provide a friendlier language, with the advantage that the preprocessed code could be compiled on any machine with a standard FORTRAN compiler.

Prior to the IEEE-754 standard, computers used many different forms of floating-point.

Prior to Nazism, however, the term was used throughout Germanic language countries without negative connotations ( e. g. in Hermann Broch's novel The Sleepwalkers ), or often to refer to their homelands much as the word " motherland " does.

Prior to this work, the concept of a set was a rather elementary one that had been used implicitly since the beginnings of mathematics, dating back to the ideas of Aristotle.

Prior to 1958 a method of raising energy in the coven's circle was by the practice of " binding and scourging ", mostly used as an initiation rite, and related to the Roman Catholic scourging used to heighten the initiates sensitivity and spiritual experience.

Prior to 1953, a Tudor Crown was used

Prior to the introduction of plastics, it was used for billiard balls, piano keys, Scottish bagpipes, buttons and a wide range of ornamental items.

Prior to the Civil War, militia units were sometimes used by southern states for slave control.

Prior to the emergence of quantum mechanics as a separate theory, the mathematics used in physics consisted mainly of formal mathematical analysis, beginning with calculus ; and, increasing in complexity up to differential geometry and partial differential equations.

Prior to contact with Europeans, most tribes used similar weaponry.