Prior to the Victorian era, courtesans were sometimes limited in their apparel by various sumptuary laws and were restricted in where they could appear at social functions.

His title in full is: His Royal Highness Prince Richard Alexander Walter George, Duke of Gloucester, Earl of Ulster and Baron Culloden, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Grand Prior of the Order of St. John, Service Medal of the Order of St. John.

At the time of his death, Prince Henry's full style was: His Royal Highness The Prince Henry William Frederick Albert, Duke of Gloucester, Earl of Ulster and Baron Culloden, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick, Grand Master and Principal Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Grand Prior of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem.

Prior to the 2006 election, Victorian parliamentary elections could be held any time at the discretion of the government in the last year of their four year term of office.

Prior to 2006, Victorian parliamentary elections could be held any time at the discretion of the government in the last year of their four year term of office.

Prior to the Second World War, Johnston was a slow-medium and left arm orthodox spin bowler, but during a practice session, he bowled a quicker ball to Jack Ryder a former Australian captain and Test batsman, who was now a Victorian and national selector.

Prior to the Victorian era, when Clevedon became a popular seaside town, it had been an agricultural village.

of Victorian and Edwardian England, who was born in 1836 at Denny Abbey, Waterbeach, Cambridgeshire, was a son of James Maling Witt ( 1799-1870 ), a prosperous farmer at Waterbeach and at Queens ' College Farm, Swaffham Prior.

Prior to becoming Superintendent of the Wesley Mission in 1979, he was an ordained Churches of Christ in Australia minister, serving at Victorian churches in Ascot / Newmarket, Ararat and Cheltenham, while graduating from the University of Melbourne with a Bachelor of Arts in 1961.

Prior to his election to the Victorian State Parliament in 1999, he was Assistant State Secretary 1988 had later State Secretary and Campaign Director of the Victorian ALP in 1994.

Prior to becoming an international cricketer he played Australian rules football with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League and Williamstown in the Victorian Football Association.

Prior to 1960, in order to provide matching for the minimum ( base ) allotment, State funds had to equal 1954 State funds.

Prior to and since 1960 the rest of the support allotment is matched at rates related to the fiscal capacity of the State, with a pivot of 40% State ( or 60% Federal ) participation in total program costs.

Prior to this period there was a general perception that the climate of Washington State was too cold to produce red wine varietals.

Prior to the formation of the OSS ( the American version of the British Secret Intelligence Service and Special Operations Executive ), American intelligence had been conducted on an ad-hoc basis by the various departments of the executive branch, including the State, Treasury, Navy, and War Departments.

Prior to one month of the beginning of the financial year the President of Turkmenistan submits to the Medjlis of Turkmenistan ( Parliament ) the State budget draft for consideration and adoption

Prior to his broadcasting career, Buck attended Ohio State University, where he majored in radio speech and minored in Spanish.

Jewish Self-Defence and Terrorist Groups Prior to the Establishment of the State of Israel: Roots and Traditions.

Prior to the opening of the performing arts center, Newark Symphony Hall was home to the New Jersey Symphony, the New Jersey State Opera, and the Garden State Ballet, which stills maintains an academy there.

In State Board of Equalization v. Young's Market Co.,, the Supreme Court recognized that " Prior to the Twenty-first Amendment it would obviously have been unconstitutional " for a state to require a license and fee to import beer anywhere within its borders.

Prior to I-37, the route between Corpus Christi and San Antonio was served by a combination of State Highway 9 ( SH 9 ) from Corpus Christi to Three Rivers and U. S. 281 ( US 281 ) from Three Rivers to San Antonio.

Prior to this trip NASA administrator Thomas O. Paine had approached Collins and said that Secretary of State William P. Rogers was interested in appointing Collins to the position of Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs.

Prior to serving as Governor, Davis served as Chief of Staff to Governor Jerry Brown ( 1975 – 1981 ), a California State Assemblyman ( 1983 – 1987 ), California State Controller ( 1987 – 1995 ) and the 44th Lieutenant Governor of California ( 1995 – 1999 ).

Prior to the opening of Melching Field, the Hatters played at old Conrad Park on the same site, which also hosted spring training games in the 1940s and 1950s and the DeLand Red Hats, a Florida State League minor league franchise.

Prior to 1945, " Kimigayo " served as the national anthem of the Empire of Japan, however, when the Empire of Japan was dissolved following its surrender at the end of World War II, its parliamentary democracy successor state, the State of Japan, replaced it in 1945, the polity therefore changed from an absolute monarchy to a parliamentary democracy.

Prior to its tabling in Dáil Éireann and presentation to the Irish electorate in a plebiscite, an obfuscatory comment on the final amended draft by Secretary of State Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli, the future Holy Father Pius XII responded " We do not approve, neither do we disapprove ; We shall maintain silence.

Prior to heightened security measures enacted post-September 11 motorists could take the road that leads towards NY 22 and then drive across the top of the Kensico Dam and eventually re-connect with the Taconic State Parkway.

Prior to and immediately after the establishment of the State of Israel, Eshkol was a member of the Haganah high command.

Prior to the use of Fender Basses, Hoppus heavily used Ernie Ball Music Man Stingray basses in various colors during the early days of Blink-182 up until the early Enema of the State period.

Prior to studying at Berkeley, he spent his freshman and sophomore years at San José State University, where he met his future wife Betty.

Prior to the 2010 change of government, the Lord President was Lord Mandelson, who was also First Secretary of State and Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills.

Prior to the Act of Union 1800 which abolished the Irish parliament, the Lord Lieutenant formally delivered the Speech from the Throne outlining his Government's policies.

Prior to entering federal politics he was a provincial politician serving in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1995 to 2005 and a cabinet minister in the Progressive Conservative governments of Mike Harris and Ernie Eves serving as the Minister for Children, Community and Social Services, Energy and Francophone Affairs in addition to being the Government's Chief Whip.

Prior to 2002, the Scottish Government followed the UK Government's flag days and would only fly the Union Flag on St Andrew's Day.

Prior to the establishment of the DMO, management of the Government's debt was undertaken by the Bank of England on behalf of the Treasury.

Prior to the Revolution, New Englanders consumed large quantities of rum and beer, as maritime trade provided them relatively easy access to the goods needed to produce these items: Rum was the distilled spirit of choice, as the main ingredient, molasses, was readily available from trade with the West Indies.

Prior to major influence from outside, there were approximately 25, 000 Aleuts on the archipelago.

Prior to the release of the VHS Volumes, a laserdisc titled Beavis and Butt-Head: The Essential Collection was issued in 1994, containing sixteen episodes from the second and third seasons.

Prior to the Smartmodem, modems were almost entirely manual in operation, having developed from acoustic couplers that used a traditional telephone for dialling and hanging up.

During an absence from Clairvaux, the Grand Prior of Cluny went to Clairvaux and enticed away Bernard's cousin, Robert of Châtillon.

Prior to 1931, New York Times reporter William Buehler Seabrook, allegedly in the interests of research, obtained from a hospital intern at the Sorbonne a chunk of human meat from the body of a healthy human killed in an accident, then cooked and ate it.

* Woodson, C. G., The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861: A History of the Education of the Colored People of the United States from the Beginning of Slavery to the Civil War.

Prior to 1947, the only definition of first-class cricket had been one in Great Britain that dated from a meeting at Lord's in May 1894 between the Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC ) committee and the secretaries of the clubs involved in the official County Championship, which had begun in 1890.

Prior to rising to power, from 1939 to 1941, Peron had developed a deep admiration of Italian Fascism and modelled his economic policies on Italian Fascist economic policies.

Prior to this discovery, biologists had been largely unable to establish a family tree of cats from the fossil record because the fossils of different cat species all look very much alike, differing primarily in size.

Prior to the Crucifixion the Jews are called Israelites, the honorific title of God's chosen people ; after it, they are called " Ioudaioi ", Jews, a sign that through their rejection of the Christ the " kingdom of Heaven " has been taken away from them and given instead to the church.

Prior to that, hunting by local natives can be documented from Late Stone Age Scandinavia and eastern North America, as well as from early 5th century Labrador, where the bird seems to have occurred only as a straggler.

Prior to satellite geodesy era, the coordinate systems associated with a geodetic datum attempted to be geocentric, but their origins differed from the geocentre by hundreds of metres, due to regional deviations in the direction of the plumbline ( vertical ).

Prior to Gardner's investigations, no serious archaeological excavation had occurred at the city, though he himself soon unearthed four miles of earthworks, and uncovered finds that included tombs, pottery, and porcelain dating from Ming China.

Prior to the separation of the colony of Victoria from New South Wales in 1951, the area was called the Port Phillip District of New South Wales.

Prior to Verdi's body's being driven from the cemetery to the official memorial service and its final resting place at the Casa di Riposo per Musicisti, Arturo Toscanini conducted a chorus of 820 singers in " Va, pensiero ".

Prior to Parsons ' departure from The Byrds, he had accompanied the two Rolling Stones to Stonehenge ( along with McGuinn and Hillman ) in the English county of Wiltshire, where Richards had a house near the ancient site.

Prior to his death, Parsons stated that he wanted his body cremated at Joshua Tree and his ashes spread over Cap Rock, a prominent natural feature there ; however, Parsons ' stepfather arranged for a private ceremony back in New Orleans and neglected to invite any of his friends from the music industry.

Prior to the start of the Great Depression, Hoover's first Treasury Secretary, Andrew Mellon, had proposed and seen enacted, numerous tax cuts, which cut the top income tax rate from 73 % to 24 % ( under Presidents Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge ).

Prior to the start of the season the Astros acquired outfielder Billy Hatcher from the Cubs for Jerry Mumphrey.

Prior to the introduction of the Latin term, incest was known in Old English as sibbleger ( from sibb ' kinship ' + leger ' to lie ') or mǣġhǣmed ( from mǣġ ' kin, parent ' + hǣmed ' sexual intercourse ') but in time, both words fell out of use.

Prior to the 386, the difficulty of manufacturing microchips and the uncertainty of reliable supply made it desirable that any mass-market semiconductor be multi-sourced, that is, made by two or more manufacturers, the second and subsequent companies manufacturing under license from the originating company.