Prior to the creation of the group management board in 2006, HSBC's chairman essentially held the duties of a chief executive at an equivalent institution, while HSBC's chief executive served as the deputy.

Prior to Montaigne's time, humanists such as Pico della Mirandola had argued that man was God's greatest creation, made in God's image and able to choose his own nature, but this view was subsequently challenged in Michel de Montaigne's Essais of 1580.

Prior to its creation as the Territory of the Saar Basin by the League of Nations after World War I, the Saarland ( or simply " the Saar ", as is frequently referred to ) did not exist as a unified entity.

Prior to the creation of Pakistan in 1947, modern-day Bangladesh was part of ancient, classical, medieval and colonial India.

Prior to the enactment of the federal securities laws and the creation of the SEC, there existed so-called Blue Sky laws that were enacted and enforced at the state level and regulated the offering and sale of securities to protect the public from fraud.

Prior to the creation of the department, the area was not a natural unit, but much of it was commercially prosperous thanks to traditional industries such as salt and cognac production.

Prior to its creation, cases brought to court were tried in The Dalles, county seat of the vast Wasco County.

Prior to the creation of Carter County the only schools in the area were private subscription schools.

Prior to the creation of Tuttle Creek Lake, the town of Garrison existed in west central Pottawatomie County.

Prior to the creation of the District in 1999, Strawberry was in the Alto-Richardson Fire Protection District.

Prior to his creation as a Knight Bachelor, Owen, though excused from duty, was appointed an Esquire to the King's Person.

Prior to the creation of Lake Mead, Moapa Valley also included the town of St. Thomas, which was abandoned in 1938 due to the rising lake level.

Prior to the creation of the Gordon Heights Fire Department ( GHFD ) in 1947, there had been no fire services in the community, dating back to its founding in 1927.

Prior to the creation of the Landsting, he represented Greenland in the Parliament of Denmark from 1973, a position he regained in 2001 and still holds.

Prior to the League's creation, a large portion of humanity departed for other planets and solar systems in what came to be known as the Diaspora, leaving those who remained to rebuild from the effects of pollution, resource exhaustion, and the cataclysmic Final War.

" Prior to their creation, nearly all the previous villains in the series were considered too likable.

Prior to Lake's creation of the nickname, sports writers used various others, including: “ B. G.

Prior to the creation of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, these provinces comprised the region:

Prior to the creation of the Sacred Band under Gorgidas, the Athenians had helped the Theban exiles retake control of Thebes and the citadel of Cadmea from Sparta.

Prior to its creation Hallam was a part of the larger Sheffield Borough constituency, which was represented by two Members of Parliament ( MPs ).

Prior to the creation of the municipality of Tulum, the municipality was situated between latitudes 20 ° 45 ' and 19 ° 46 ' north and longitudes 86 ° 57 ' and 88 ° 05 ' west, and had an area of 4, 245. 67 km².

Prior to the creation of the ward on August 1, 1947, the area had been part of Itabashi.

Prior to 1944 the British secondary education system was fundamentally an ad hoc creation.

Prior to the creation of Pyra ’ s “ Blogger ,” the number of blogs in existence was thought to be less than one hundred.

Prior to turbo codes, such constructions were the most efficient, coming closest to the Shannon limit.

Prior to the integration of Newfoundland's public ( government-funded ) school system in the late 1990s, those public schools administered by the Catholic Church mandated strict, uniform-like dress codes ( shirts and ties for boys, dresses or skirts for girls ), though many girls were outraged at this due to the freezing weather, at the elementary and junior high school levels, lifting most restrictions for high school students.

Prior to this, Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent and had unwritten legal codes, as documented in the case of the Yirrkala community.

Prior to the findings regarding AKT1 in 2011, other researchers expressed doubt regarding the involvement of PTEN or GPC3, which codes for glypican 3 and may play a role in regulating cell division and growth regulation.

Prior to turbo codes, the best constructions were serial concatenated codes based on an outer Reed-Solomon error correction code combined with an inner Viterbi-decoded short constraint length convolutional code, also known as RSV codes.

Prior to the fire, club owner Barney Welansky boasted that that club had not needed to adhere to fire codes because Tobin would not permit his club to be closed.

Prior to the introduction of modern seismic codes in the late 1960s for developed countries ( US, Japan etc.

Prior to the introduction of modern seismic codes in early 1970s, beam-column joints were typically non-engineered or designed.

Prior to that date, Broward County had been part of area code 305 for 48 years ; 305 had entered service in 1947 as one of the original area codes, but numerous splits over the years had made 305 more or less coextensive with the Miami-Fort Lauderdale area.

Prior to the introduction of overlay plans, the method of introducing new area codes ( also known as numbering plan areas or NPAs ) in a region was to divide the existing territory of one area code into two ( or more ) pieces, allowing the more established or developed section to retain the original area code, and changing the numbering space of the other section ( s ) to have a new area code.

Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data.

Prior to the introduction of this new technology, moving image production was only available to the consumer ( or the artist for that matter ) by way of eight or sixteen millimeter film, but did not provide the instant playback that video tape technologies offered.

Prior to the wide availability of steel, rocks of iron pyrite would be used along with the flint, in a similar ( but more time-consuming ) way.

* Prior to 3500 BCE ( prehistory – Stone Age and Chalcolithic ): hunter-gatherer societies slowly giving way to farming and herding societies, and early metal-working in the last thousand years ;

Prior to Fourier's work, no solution to the heat equation was known in the general case, although particular solutions were known if the heat source behaved in a simple way, in particular, if the heat source was a sine or cosine wave.

Prior to the finger program, the only way to get this information was with a < tt > who </ tt > program that showed IDs and for logged-in users.

Prior to the speech the Armada had been driven from the Strait of Dover in the Battle of Gravelines eleven days earlier, and had by now rounded Scotland on its way home, but troops were still held at ready in case the Spanish army of Alexander Farnese, the Duke of Parma, might yet attempt to invade from Dunkirk ; two days later they were discharged.

This papal bull exhorted these hermits to adopt " the Rule and way of life of the Blessed Augustine ," to profess this Augustinian manner of life in a way that they themselves would decide with regards to specific charism and apostolate, and to elect a Prior General.

Prior to being incorporated as the Village of Howard, the Town of Howard was commonly referred to as " Duck Creek " because of the Duck Creek waterway winding its way through the village.

Prior to Watson and Crick, biologists considered autocatalytic sets the way metabolism functions in principle, i. e. one protein helps to synthesize another protein and so on.

Prior to the introduction of videotape in 1956, kinescopes were the only way to record television broadcasts, or to distribute network television programs that were broadcast live from New York or other originating cities, to stations not connected to the network, or to stations that wished to show a program at a different time than the network broadcast.

Prior to 1958 it was even possible to travel all the way to Whitby and Scarborough along the highly scenic North Yorkshire coast railway.

Prior to Visual C ++ 2005, the Platform SDK was the only way for programmers to develop 64-bit Windows applications.

Prior to its 2001 destruction, the World Trade Center was often photographed in such a way that the Woolworth Building could be seen between 1 and 2 World Trade Center.

Prior to the popularity of the internet in the 1990s, the most efficient way to distribute software and files across bbs's was via a courier system.

Prior to colonization, they recorded their history through oral tradition as a way to transmit stories, law, and knowledge across generations.

Prior to this change in the way of doing business, the customer of a grocer would walk up to a counter or display and ask for the food items they wanted to purchase, or hand over a grocery list, as an order that the grocer or other clerks would then fill and charge the customer for.

Prior to the advent of Chinese civilization and world religions in the region generally known today as East Asia including the territorial boundaries of modern-day China ; tribal totemistic and animistic religious practices were the way in which prayers, sacrifices or offerings were communicated to the spiritual world by groups or mediatory individuals such as shamans.

Prior to the invention of the printing press, the only way to obtain a copy of a book was to copy it out by hand.

Prior to the investigation a Texas dealer sold one of the coins and it was on the way out of the country on February 29, 1944.

Prior to 1991, the Gardena Freeway was known as the Redondo Beach Freeway, referring to Caltrans's original intention for the freeway portion of the route to continue all the way to the never-built Pacific Coast Freeway.

A problem in meaning arises in the study of Prior Analytics for the word " syllogism " as used by Aristotle in general does not carry the same narrow connotation as it does at present ; Aristotle defines this term in a way that would apply to a wide range of valid arguments.

The usual way of connecting the subject and predicate of a categorical sentence as Aristotle does in On Interpretation is by using a linking verb e. g. P is S. However, in the Prior Analytics Aristotle rejects the usual form in favor of three of his inventions: 1 ) P belongs to S, 2 ) P is predicated of S and 3 ) P is said of S. Aristotle does not explain why he introduces these innovative expressions but scholars conjecture that the reason may have been that it facilitates the use of letters instead of terms avoiding the ambiguity that results in Greek when letters are used with the linking verb.