Prior to the development of the pound lock in 984AD in China by Chhaio Wei-Yo and later in Europe in the 15th century, either flash locks consisting of a single gate were used or ramps, sometimes equipped with rollers, were used to change level.

Prior to the development of DTMF, numbers were dialed on automated telephone systems by means of pulse dialing ( Dial Pulse or DP in the U. S .) or loop disconnect ( LD ) signaling, which functions by rapidly disconnecting and re-connecting the calling party's telephone line, similar to flicking a light switch on and off.

Prior to the development of the campus, most of the site was cultivated with peach orchards, market gardens and poultry farms.

Prior to the development of SLR, all cameras with viewfinders had two optical light paths: one path through the lens to the film, and another path positioned above ( TLR or twin-lens reflex ) or to the side ( rangefinder ).

Prior to the development of transistors, vacuum ( electron ) tubes ( or in the UK " thermionic valves " or just " valves ") were the main active components in electronic equipment.

Prior to the development of the Boehm system, flutes were most commonly made of wood, with an inverse conical bore, eight keys, and tone holes ( the openings where the fingers are placed to produce specific notes ) that were small in size, and thus easily covered by the fingertips.

Prior to the development of metal movable type, most printing was done using blocks carved from wood.

Prior to the development of antivirals, when someone contracted a virus, there was little that could be done other than treating the symptoms and waiting for the disease to run its course.

Prior to the development of gachi muchi, the greatest overlap between yaoi and bara authors has been in BDSM-themed publications such as Zettai Reido, a yaoi anthology magazine which had a number of openly male contributors.

Prior to 1979, Iran's economic development was rapid.

Prior to the development of RBAC, the Bell-LaPadula model ( BLP ) model was synonymous with MAC and file system permissions were synonymous with DAC.

Prior to the development of the formal Juno award ceremonies, RPM Magazine began polling its readers in 1964 to determine which artists and groups were considered the best in Canada.

Prior to the development of fast SIMD floating-point processors, most digital implementations of RGB -> Y ' UV used integer math, in particular fixed-point approximations.

Prior to founding Mount Holyoke, Lyon contributed to the development of both Hartford Female Seminary and Ipswich Female Seminary.

Prior to its development as a small craft harbor, the land occupied by Marina del Rey was a salt-marsh fed by freshwater from the Ballona Creek, frequented by duck hunters and few others.

Prior to and during World War II, the naval bases of Point Mugu and Port Hueneme were established in the area to take advantage of the only major navigable port on California's coast between the Port of Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay, and the bases in turn encouraged the development of the defense-based aerospace and communications industries.

Baltimore architect Edward L. Palmer, Jr. was chosen to design the community, which was to have a mix of single family homes and smaller attached Prior to the development of houses.

Prior to development, the land that became Palm Beach Gardens was primarily cattle ranches and pine forests, as well as swampland further west.

Prior to development, Pine Lake was a portion of a farm.

Prior to the incorporation of the Village of Grand Cane in 1899, the settlement of four families ( Thomas Abington, Israel Rogers, Wright Hobgood, and John Wagner ) influenced the development of the area around two wagon trails that intersected in the sparsely populated area known as the Grand Cane Territory.

Prior to its development, the land consisted of peat soil, which was cultivated for the production of turf.

Prior to the development of the railroads through the state, Tyrone was on the Main Line Canal, Juniata Division, of the Pennsylvania Canal system.

Prior to the development of in vitro fertilization in the 1970s, all babies inherited their mitochondrial DNA from the woman in whose uterus they had developed.

Prior to this development, people relied on either private wells or the railroad well at Mesa.

Prior to the development of hotels and buildings, much of the area consisted of agricultural land.

Prior to 2006, off-premises alcohol sales were forbidden until noon on Sundays, and liquor / wine stores were required to be closed the entire day.

Prior to South Columbus High School was Tabor City High School, which closed in 1992.

Prior to being struck by the hammer, the valve is held closed by a spring and the pressure of the air in the reservoir.

Prior to the first closure experiment in Biosphere 2, initial tests were carried out in a smaller, 480 cubic meter onsite facility ( the " Test Module "), looking at potable water generation, atmospheric sealing, atmospheric expansion and contraction, and the behavior of life systems inside a closed ecological system.

Prior to the establishment of parliament, the monarch ruled absolutely by the issuing of his personal written orders, open or closed.

Prior to the late 1960s many public houses in the area were owned by the local brewer Hewitt Brothers and gave a distinctive local touch but following a takeover in 1969 by the brewer Bass-Charrington these have been re-badged ( many times ), closed or sold off.

Prior to handing the gun to another person, the magician would tip the Philadelphia Deringer, causing the lead ball to drop into a closed palm.

Prior to 1967, the antiquities site on the outskirts of Katzrin was a closed military zone and off limits to archaeological research.

Prior to the 1990s the station was closed on Sundays.

Prior to the passage of the Taft – Hartley Act by Congress over President Harry S. Truman's veto in 1947, unions and employers covered by the National Labor Relations Act could lawfully agree to a closed shop, in which employees at unionized workplaces must be members of the union as a condition of employment.

Prior to that, Simutrans was a closed source game and was developed internally.

Prior to ShareReactor being closed down, there was a staff of about twenty administrators and thirty-five forum moderators, a significant amount compared to when ShareReactor reopened.

Prior to 1992, the Englewood Branch had two additional stops at Wentworth and Harvard, but have been since closed due to service cuts by the CTA.

Prior to 2002 the text page typography of each book in the Classics series had been overseen by a team of in-house designers ; this department was closed in 2003 as part of the production costs rationalisation of the Classics list, and any design work is now done by editors and outside suppliers.

Columb Barracks was a major military base in the county housing the 4th Field Artillery Regiment and the HQ of the 54 Reserve Field Artillery Regiment ( Army Reserve ) formally the FCA ( 9 FAR ). Because of a Government Decision Columb Barracks is to be closed on the 30th March 2012 and the 4FAR is to be moved to Custume Barracks Athlone and the location of the 54 Reserve Artillery Regiments HQ Battery and No 3 Gun Battery is unclear. This is the last Artillery Barracks in the Republic of Ireland and the largest barracks in the Irish Midlands. Prior to World War I Wellington ( Columb ) Barracks was the second largest recruiting barracks in the United Kingdom. On 28th March the 4 Field Artillery Regiment and members of the 54 Reserve Artillery Regiment marched out of Columb Barracks for the last time as the Gate was locked by the Barrack Accountant CQMS Eamonn O ' Reilly.

Prior to the Revolution the choral faculty of the conservatory was second to the Moscow Synodal School and Moscow Synodal Choir, but in 1919 both were closed and merged into the choral faculty.

Prior to the fire, club owner Barney Welansky boasted that that club had not needed to adhere to fire codes because Tobin would not permit his club to be closed.

Prior to that year the Entry Draft was conducted in Montreal hotels or league offices and was closed to the general public.

Prior to 1995, the adjacent stations were Millswood and Hawthorn ; both of these stations were closed when the western track was converted to standard gauge ( in 1995 ).

Prior to its arrival, schools were closed in Martinique, Sint Maarten, and Antigua.

Prior to Oracle's moving of core development " behind closed doors ", a group of former OpenSolaris developers decided to " fork " the core software under the name OpenIndiana.

Prior to his involvement with the Odinic Rite Heimgest had belonged to a small group known as the Heimdal League, a closed group which disbanded in the mid 1980s.

Prior to the outbreak of war, financial tension had reduced the college's income and student body, and the school briefly closed in the summer of 1861 in anticipation of the American Civil War.

Prior to dereliction, some of the buildings on the campus previously hosted Wrexham & East Denbighshire War Memorial Hospital up until the late 1980s, and another dating back to 1902 was previously Grove Park Grammar School, which again closed in the 1980s.