Prior to the increased industrialization and modernization following the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the consumption of meat or animal products was " strikingly low.

Prior to independence, the French establishment and Catholic Church feared Opangault's radicalism and favored the rise of Fulbert Youlou, a former priest.

Prior to the establishment of the UPU, each country had to prepare a separate postal treaty with other nations it wished to carry international mail to or from.

Prior to the establishment of UNHCR, Fridtjof Nansen was the League of Nations High Commissioner of the Nansen International Office for Refugees, from 1922.

Prior to the establishment of Glasnevin Cemetery, Irish Catholics had no cemeteries of their own in which to bury their dead and, as the repressive Penal Laws of the eighteenth century placed heavy restrictions on the public performance of Catholic services, it had become normal practice for Catholics to conduct a limited version of their own funeral services in Protestant cemeteries.

Prior to this, he had defaulted to the dominant view of the Parisian music establishment, as typified by Le Sueur: that the symphony was a lesser form of composition that Mozart and Haydn had already taken as far as possible.

Prior to the establishment of the EPA, the federal government was not structured to comprehensively regulate environmental pollutants.

Prior to the establishment of the missions, the native peoples knew only how to utilize bone, seashells, stone, and wood for building, tool making, weapons, and so forth.

Prior to the establishment of the missions, the native peoples knew only how to utilize bone, seashells, bush, and wood for building, tool making, weapons, and so forth.

Prior to the Academy's establishment, air power advocates had been pushing for a separate air force academy for decades.

Prior to the establishment of ICANN for this purpose, IANA was administered primarily by Jon Postel at the Information Sciences Institute ( ISI ) of the University of Southern California ( USC ), under a contract USC / ISI had with the United States Department of Defense, until ICANN was created to assume the responsibility under a United States Department of Commerce contract.

Prior to the establishment of universities, European higher education took place for hundreds of years in Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools ( Scholae monasticae ), in which monks and nuns taught classes ; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century AD.

Prior to the establishment of Penn's Philadelphia, New Castle was center of government.

Prior to the settlers ' establishment, the area was occupied by Native Americans as a hunting area and a burial ground.

Prior to the establishment of a series of dams, the river dropped in, from Dalton to Bath.

Prior to the establishment of Haddon Township High School in the 1960s, most Haddon Township students attended Collingswood High School ; however, some attended Haddonfield Memorial High School or Audubon High School.

Prior to the village's establishment on July 7, 1982, the area was an unincorporated section of the town of Rye.

Prior to establishment of its post office with the name “ Rattan ”, the area was called Sulphur Springs, Indian Territory.

Prior to the establishment of Northampton County in 1752, the area was part of Bucks County and the land currently occupied by South Whitehall was known as " the back part of Macungie " on the " Heidelberg District.

Prior to the establishment of the Second Law, many people who were interested in inventing a perpetual motion machine had tried to circumvent the restrictions of First Law of Thermodynamics by extracting the massive internal energy of the environment as the power of the machine.

Prior to the establishment of this mail route, the families received mail from Sipe Springs.

Prior to the establishment of the village of Harrisburg a post office named Big Darby Post Office had been established on March 13, 1834, and the name was changed to Harrisburgh Post Office on February 18, 1835.

Prior to the establishment of the York Racecourse on the Knavesmire, Acomb Moor was used for staging horse racing.

Prior to the establishment of official rules by the Afghan Olympic Federation the sport was mainly conducted based upon rules such as not whipping a fellow rider intentionally or deliberately knocking him off his horse.

Prior to the implementation of the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office Act 1996 enacted by the British Parliament, Hong Kong represented its interests abroad through the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices ( HKETOs ) and via a special office in the British Embassies or High Commissions, but the latter has ceased after the sovereignty of Hong Kong was transferred to the PRC and became a special administrative region ( SAR ) of the PRC in 1997.

Prior to its inclusion within the fenced compound that now includes the Old Executive Office Building to the west and the Treasury Building to the east, this sidewalk served as a queuing area for the daily public tours of the White House.

Prior to Michelangelo's involvement, the Overseers of the Office of Works of the Duomo ( Operai ), consisting mostly of members of the influential woolen cloth guild, the Arte della Lana, had plans to commission a series of twelve large Old Testament sculptures for the buttresses of the cathedral of Santa Maria Del Fiore.

Prior to 1996, Lauderdale-By-The-Sea Volunteer Fire Department served the town, with Fort Lauderdale Fire-Rescue serving until 2001, with Broward Sheriff's Office Department of Fire Rescue & Emergency services providing fire suppression services to the town from 2001 until 2008.

Prior to the Post Office, the third corner of the four corners was occupied by the Stony Creek Lodge ( also known as " Ethel's " after its proprietor ), the counterpart of the Stony Creek Inn.

Prior to the post office inside the city of Carlton, Wilson Carl, owned the original Post Office, Stagecoach stop, and Blacksmith shop, for the area, about 7 miles West of Carlton, and his home was known as Mountain House.

Prior to her appointment, she was Assistant to the President and Director of the White House Office of Public Engagement.

Prior to the Japanese invasion of 1941, Marquat served with the Office of the Military Advisor to the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines, as the chief engineering advisor.

Prior to leaving Laos he headed the Office of Crown Properties.

Prior to the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security, there existed an Assistant to the President for the Office of Homeland Security, which was created following the September 11, 2001, attacks.

Prior to that, Carlucci served in a variety of senior-level governmental positions, including Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity in the Richard Nixon administration, Deputy Director of the CIA in the Jimmy Carter administration, and Deputy Secretary of Defense and National Security Adviser in the Reagan administration.

Prior to 1902, there were extensive stables, housing horses and coaches, located on the grounds of the present-day Oval Office, Cabinet Room, and Rose Garden.

Prior to devolution the comparable functions of the First Minister were exercised by the Secretary of State for Scotland, who headed the Scottish Office, which was a department of the wider United Kingdom Government and existed from 1885 to 1999.

Prior to that, in Mashhad football was only played by foreign residents specially the employees of the Telegraph Office and the British Consulate-General.

Prior to 2001, the Education Department had achieved only one clean audit in its history, and that audit was by the Department's Office of Inspector General.

After the 1983 election Thatcher moved Hurd to the Home Office, but just over a year later he was promoted to Cabinet rank, succeeding James Prior as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland.

Prior to this appointment Horinko was Assistant Administrator for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response ( OSWER ) at EPA, having been confirmed by the U. S. Senate on October 1, 2001.

( Prior to the Singer Building, the 29-story, 391 feet ( 119 m ) tall Park Row Building, completed in 1899, was the tallest building in New York City, and briefly held the title of " Tallest Office Building in the World " until being surpassed in 1901 by the Philadelphia City Hall, at 548 ft ( 167 m ) tall including the statue.

Prior to the enactment of DOMA, the General Accounting Office ( as the GAO was then called ) identified 1, 049 federal statutory provisions in which benefits, rights, and privileges are contingent on marital status or in which marital status is a factor.

Prior to joining the Cabinet he was Minister of State for political development in the Northern Ireland Office from 1997 to 1999-acting as Mo Mowlam's deputy-and was largely responsible for negotiating the so-called strand two (' North-South ' or ' Island of Ireland ') arrangements agreed in the Good Friday Agreement.

Prior to this, he served as Minister for Europe from 2007 – 08, the Minister of State for Employment and Welfare Reform from 2006 – 07, and as Parliamentary Secretary at the Cabinet Office from 2005 – 06.