Prior to the Bronze Age, the existence of artificial island settlement in Ireland is not as clear.

Prior to 1986, the Australian banks organized a widespread uniform credit card, called Bankcard, which had been in existence since 1974.

Prior to that event, the north-flowing Steubenville River ( no longer in existence ) ended between New Martinsville and Paden City, West Virginia.

Prior to that team's existence, other early football teams ( such as the Buffalo Bills of the AAFC ) used the nickname, solely due to name recognition, as Bill Cody had no special connection with the city.

Prior to that point classical economics had either denied the existence of business cycles, blamed them on external factors, notably war, or only studied the long term.

Prior to the existence of direct broadcast satellite services, home users would generally have a motorised C-band dish of up to 3 metres in diameter for reception of channels from different satellites.

Prior to the creation of Pyra ’ s “ Blogger ,” the number of blogs in existence was thought to be less than one hundred.

Prior to the existence of switches, IXPs typically utilized fiber-optic inter-repeater link ( FOIRL ) hubs or Fiber Distributed Data Interface ( FDDI ) rings, migrating to Ethernet and FDDI switches as those became available in 1993 and 1994.

Prior to the audition, the two men decided to change their act and portray two hillbillies, due to the large number of blackface acts already in existence.

Prior to the existence of Nigeria as a Nation, the Ibibio people were self-governed.

Prior to the existence of JPATS, the transport of federal inmates over long distances was complicated.

Prior to the mid-eighteenth century, when the current paternal-maternal surname combination norm came into existence, Hispanophone societies often practised matrilineal surname transmission, giving children the maternal surname, and, occasionally, giving children a grandparent's surname ( borne by neither parent ) for prestige — being perceived as gentry — and profit, flattering the matriarch or the patriarch in hope of inheriting land.

Prior to this, the Distrito National was the old Santo Domingo Province, in existence since the country's independence in 1844.

Prior to the existence of this airport, Twin Otter aircraft would use the main street leading into the town as a landing strip or used the Nanisivik Airport.

Prior to the existence of the airport, the region was served by Cambridge Airport, a small airport located close to the existing site.

Prior to the late addition of Zack, Nojima had asked the staff to add details to some scenes so as to give clues about him, despite the fact that he did not reveal to the staff Zack's existence until later.

Prior to serving in the military Travis worked as a farm hand and horse breaker and was known as being a bit of trouble maker to the extent that he led a rather transient existence after leaving home at the age of 21.

Prior to the Hillsborough post office's existence, Neshanic previously had covered partial Flagtown home delivery.

Prior to and during Apartheid, black people lived in a separate area to the whites in the southern part of Hennenman which came into existence in 1944.

Prior to Dan no one questioned their existence, for the centuries the book was studied.

Prior to a thing's coming into actual existence, its existence must have been ' possible.

Prior to the arrival of English American settlers on the Great Plains, the Comanche and other tribes lived a wide ranging nomadic existence.

Prior to its existence ( or that of the Continental Navy, he commanded the sloop Unity when she captured HMS Margaretta in the Battle of Machias, the first naval battle of the American Revolutionary War.

Prior to ERTA81, depreciation was based on " useful life " calculations provided by the Treasury Department.

Prior to the Department of Transportation, the Under Secretary of Commerce for Transportation administered the functions now associated with the DOT.

Prior to 1927, radio was regulated by the United States Department of Commerce.

Prior to the establishment of ICANN for this purpose, IANA was administered primarily by Jon Postel at the Information Sciences Institute ( ISI ) of the University of Southern California ( USC ), under a contract USC / ISI had with the United States Department of Defense, until ICANN was created to assume the responsibility under a United States Department of Commerce contract.

Prior to 2000, a County Sheriff's Department existed for the purpose of executing judicial warrants, prisoner transport, court security, Bailiff, and county and state executions.

Prior to 2000, a County Sheriff's Department existed for the purpose of executing judicial warrants, prisoner transport, and court security.

Prior to 2000, a County Sheriff's Department existed for the purpose of executing judicial warrants, prisoner transport, and court security.

Prior to joining Chatham, he served recently as Chair and Associate Professor in the Department of Environmental Studies at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Prior to 1949 the fire protection for the valley was provided by the California Department of Forestry at the Avenue A station, which today is the office of County Service Area 63 in Yucaipa.

Prior to 1996, Lauderdale-By-The-Sea Volunteer Fire Department served the town, with Fort Lauderdale Fire-Rescue serving until 2001, with Broward Sheriff's Office Department of Fire Rescue & Emergency services providing fire suppression services to the town from 2001 until 2008.

Prior to 1958, Wixom received police services from the Oakland County Sheriff's Department.

Prior to the creation of the Gordon Heights Fire Department ( GHFD ) in 1947, there had been no fire services in the community, dating back to its founding in 1927.

* Prior to 1987, a government department – the New Zealand Electricity Department ( NZED ) controlled and operated almost all New Zealand electricity generation and operated the New Zealand electricity transmission grid

Prior to the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security, there existed an Assistant to the President for the Office of Homeland Security, which was created following the September 11, 2001, attacks.

Prior to a 2002 amendment to the Foreign Service Act ( Section 503 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, as amended by the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2003 ), United States government employees were required to resign from government service for their period of assignment to AIT.

Prior to becoming president, he served as the Executive Secretary of the Department of Higher Education of the National Education Association for seven years.

Prior to serving in the White House as press secretary to Clinton, McCurry served as spokesman for the Department of State from 1993 to 1995, as well as chief spokesman for Warren Christopher.

Prior to 2001, the Education Department had achieved only one clean audit in its history, and that audit was by the Department's Office of Inspector General.

Prior to her election as Colorado Attorney General, Norton served in Washington, D. C. as Associate Solicitor of the United States Department of the Interior, overseeing endangered species and public lands legal issues for the National Park Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service.

Prior to 1998, he had also served as Minister in the Prime Minister's Department, Minister of Education, Minister of Defence, and Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Prior to devolution the Secretaries of State for Scotland and Wales had those respective responsibilities but the Department of Health had a larger role than now in the co-ordination of health policy across Great Britain.

Prior to the war, Pegahmagabow worked as a marine fireman for the Department of Marine and Fisheries on the Great Lakes.

Prior to this the Museum had been jointly controlled by the City of London and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.