Prior to the modern proliferation of environmental regulation, the doctrines of nuisance ( public or private ), trespass, negligence, and strict liability apportioned harm and assigned liability for activities that today would be considered pollution and likely governed by regulatory regimes.

Prior to 2001, U. S. law restricted trading such that insiders mainly traded during windows when their inside information was public, such as soon after earnings releases.

Prior to its inclusion within the fenced compound that now includes the Old Executive Office Building to the west and the Treasury Building to the east, this sidewalk served as a queuing area for the daily public tours of the White House.

Prior to the establishment of Glasnevin Cemetery, Irish Catholics had no cemeteries of their own in which to bury their dead and, as the repressive Penal Laws of the eighteenth century placed heavy restrictions on the public performance of Catholic services, it had become normal practice for Catholics to conduct a limited version of their own funeral services in Protestant cemeteries.

Prior to it the doctrine was that all persons had a right to pursue a private prosecution of a public right.

Prior to the emergence of public choice theory, many economists tended to consider the state as an agent outside the scope of economic theory, whose actions depend on different considerations than those driving economic agents.

Prior to the enactment of the federal securities laws and the creation of the SEC, there existed so-called Blue Sky laws that were enacted and enforced at the state level and regulated the offering and sale of securities to protect the public from fraud.

Prior to the integration of Newfoundland's public ( government-funded ) school system in the late 1990s, those public schools administered by the Catholic Church mandated strict, uniform-like dress codes ( shirts and ties for boys, dresses or skirts for girls ), though many girls were outraged at this due to the freezing weather, at the elementary and junior high school levels, lifting most restrictions for high school students.

Prior to 1840, meteorological observations in Canada were made by private individuals, other entities ( like HBC ), and explorers, but this information was not provided to the general public.

Prior to public service, McNamara was one of the " Whiz Kids " who helped rebuild Ford Motor Company after World War II, and briefly served as Ford's President before becoming Secretary of Defense.

Prior to his tenure in office, the city's municipal administration was notably lax with regards to public works, and many urban dwellers lived in conditions of great poverty.

Prior to the Madame X scandal of 1884, Sargent had painted exotic beauties such as Rosina Ferrara of Capri, and the Spanish expatriate model Carmela Bertagna, but the earlier pictures had not been intended for broad public reception.

Prior to 1981, the community suffered from grave water contamination and public health problems.

Prior to 1981, the community suffered from grave water contamination, severe septic tank failures, and public health problems.

Prior to the district's founding, the town had a series of public schools.

Prior to July 2010, public school students in grades K-8, attended Memorial School in South Hackensack, as part of a sending / receiving relationship with the South Hackensack School District.

Prior to the events of Spider-Island, after Martin Li's secret identity is exposed to the public, May and Jay formally announce their intention to leave New York for good for their own safety and move to Boston.

Prior to a concession of $ 300 million being added to the bill, Landrieu responded to a question on popular support of the public option, and asserted that the option has popular support because “ when people hear ‘ public option ’ they hear ‘ free health care .’ Everybody wants free health care.

Prior to National Reviews founding in 1955, some conservatives believed that the American right was a largely unorganized collection of individuals who shared intertwining philosophies but had little opportunity for a united public voice.

Prior to the mid-20th century, these improvements in public health were primarily in the areas of food handling, water supply, sewage, and personal hygiene.

Prior to the initial MLS season a citywide public contest was created to decide the name for the team, the very first entry was a hit, and The Columbus Crew was born.

Prior to the late 1960s many public houses in the area were owned by the local brewer Hewitt Brothers and gave a distinctive local touch but following a takeover in 1969 by the brewer Bass-Charrington these have been re-badged ( many times ), closed or sold off.

Prior to 2007, Ibn Warraq refused to show his face in public.

Prior to the controversy surrounding Agent Orange, there was already a large body of scientific evidence linking 2, 4, 5-T to serious negative health effects and ecological damage.

Prior to the 2008 elections, a decision to change the electoral date and extend the parliamentary mandate resulted in major controversy when the Assembly deputies snubbed the president and chose to extend their mandate.

Prior to the opening of the Panama Canal to traffic on 15 August 1914, a controversy with Great Britain respecting the interpretation of the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty arose.

* Edmund Curll renews his controversy with Matthew Prior, by threatening to publish the poet's works without permission.

Prior to that time the seven sacraments, including the sacrament of Matrimony were accepted as part of the apostolic oral and written tradition without controversy or debate.

Prior to the Hindi – Urdu controversy, he was Interested in the education of Muslims and Hindus both and this was the period in which Sir Syed visualised India as a beautiful bride whose one eye was Hindu and the other Muslim and due to this stance Sir Syed was regarded as a reformer and nationalist leader but there was a sudden change in his policies after the Hindi – Urdu controversy.

Prior to the release of their second album, the band became the subject of controversy surrounding remarks that Mills had made in the NME and Melody Maker, regarding Nazism and its attendant symbol, the swastika.

Prior to the war they had made Confessions of a Nazi Spy ( 1940 ) that aroused great controversy.

In the same year, he and his lady Isabel had a controversy with the Prior and Convent of Belvoir, relative to the right of presentation to the Church of Redmile ( near Bottesford ), which was amicably compromised by their relinquishing the patronage to the convent, for a certain compensation.

Prior to his resignation, in 1991, Daim ’ s contribution was succinctly summed up as thus: “ Despite having much of his tenure clouded in controversy, the outgoing Finance Minister has nonetheless earned the reputation as one of the country ’ s ablest economic architects, having steered Malaysia through recession into four straight years of high growth .” In another article, “ Daim exits office having earned the distinction of being a hard – driving technocrat, who resisted pressure by rival ministers who wanted to alter fiscal policy for political expediency ….”

# Prior to being drawn and enabled, one is unable to believe … able only to resist.

Prior to the tunnel being built, the LIRR's western terminus was Atlantic Street at Clinton Street.

Prior to this, in Old and Middle English, the word was usually spelled Crist the i being pronounced either as, preserved in the names of churches such as St Katherine Cree, or as a short, preserved in the modern pronunciation of Christmas.

Prior to the passage of the United States Constitution, several States passed their own various copyright laws between 1783 and 1787, the first state being Connecticut.

Prior to the introduction of the ubiquitous fax machine, one of the first being the Exxon Qwip in the mid-1970s, facsimile machines worked by optical scanning of a document or drawing spinning on a drum.

Prior to version 0. 7, Freenet used a heuristic routing algorithm where each node had no fixed location, and routing was based on which node had served a key closest to the key being fetched ( in version 0. 3 ) or which is estimated to serve it faster ( in version 0. 5 ).

Prior to Verdi's body's being driven from the cemetery to the official memorial service and its final resting place at the Casa di Riposo per Musicisti, Arturo Toscanini conducted a chorus of 820 singers in " Va, pensiero ".

Prior to the accident he had captained England 22 times, and, being only 27, was expected to lead them in the 1966 World Cup ; but he was never again selected for the national team.

Prior to the codification of the standard language ( Standard Macedonian ), Macedonian dialects were described by linguists as being either dialects of Bulgarian or Serbian.

Prior to the 19th century, the area which became Mali was criscrossed by trade and communication links, the most important being the Niger River, and important southern terminals of the Trans-Saharan trade routes.

Prior to the 19th century distinctive May day celebrations were widespread throughout West Cornwall, and are being revived in St. Ives and Penzance.

Prior to the 1980s, heroin was typically transported from Burma to Thailand, before being trafficked by sea to Hong Kong, which was and still remains the major transit point at which heroin enters the international market.

Prior to this system being put in place, users could " double dose " if they were able to convince the prescriber to give them a new prescription to replace the one that they had " lost ", by taking each prescription to a different pharmacy.

Prior to being made Pope, Sixtus was a patron of Pelagius, who was later condemned as a heretic.

Prior to this time the word is attested in Scottish legal English to describe restraining orders against debt collection, restraint being its original Latin sense.

Prior to the center being built, visitors to the Capitol had to queue on the parking lot and ascend the stairs, whereupon entry was made through the massive sculpted Columbus Doors, through a small narthex cramped with security, and thence directly into the Rotunda.

Prior to being dissolved, the ICFTU had a membership of 157 million members in 225 affiliated organisations in 148 countries and territories.

Prior to the closing of the Vandenberg facility, orbiters were transported from the OPF to the VAB on their undercarriages, only to be raised when the orbiter was being lifted for attachment to the SRB / ET stack.

Prior to this, police used hand rattles, with whistles only being used as musical instruments or toys.

Prior to the launch of its HD feed in 2004, some sitcoms and drama series were presented in this format, but now reality, talk, and game shows ( American Idol being the lone exception, as it is presented in High Definition ) are only presented in the enhanced definition widescreen mode.

Prior to taking a deposition, the court reporter administers the same oath or affirmation that the deponent would take if the testimony were being given in court in front of a judge and jury.

Prior to the Central District being created in 1975 the area had historically been called Clackmannanshire and there was strong pressure to resurrect this title rather than hold to the rather bland title of " Central Region ".

Prior to being the National ERO, NERC's guidelines for power system operation and accreditation were referred to as Policies, for which compliance was strongly encouraged yet ultimately voluntary.

Prior to being signed up by Bond producer Albert R. Broccoli, he made ends meet by working as a rat catcher's assistant near his South Central home.

Prior to a permanent settlement being established, there was significant activity along the shore.