Prior to the Marian reforms ( see below ) the heavy infantry was subdivided, according to experience, into three separate lines of troops:

Prior to this date Fisher had denounced various abuses in the Roman Catholic Church, urging the need of disciplinary reforms.

Prior to the reforms of Pius XII ( which reduced the proportions further ), 1 % of the Old Testament and 16. 5 % of the New Testament had been read at Mass.

Prior to Khosrau's tax reforms, taxes were collected based on the yield that the land had produced.

Prior to the 2009 constitutional reforms, if no candidate received half the popular vote, the president was chosen by a vote in a joint legislative session from among the top two candidates ( prior to 1995, the top three candidates were eligible ).

Prior to this, the only Tory / Conservative party in Scotland was the official Conservative Party, which had never achieved parity with the dominant Whig and Scottish Liberal Party ascendancy since the election reforms of 1832.

Prior to Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms a work unit acted as the first step of a multi-tiered hierarchy linking each individual with the central Communist Party infrastructure.

Prior to the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, it marked the end of a three-week period when church weddings were forbidden.

Prior to the 1991 financial reforms, RBI ’ s major source of funding and control over credit and interest rates was the CRR ( Cash reserve ratio ) and the SLR ( Statutory Liquidity Ratio ).

Prior to reforms within cities in the mid-to-late 19th century, sanitation was not a government priority.

Prior to the lockout, in late 2003 the union proposed a system that included revenue sharing, a luxury tax, a one-time five percent rollback in player salaries, and reforms to the league's entry level system.

Prior to the referendum, the state president F. W. de Klerk had already implemented extensive reforms e. g. removing the Group Areas Act.

Prior to the 1989 local body reforms, the area was a city in its own right, known as the City of East Coast Bays.

Prior to these reforms, many government officials charged high taxes on most services, allegedly amounting to little more than organized graft.

Prior to the liturgical reforms of the Second Vatican Council, there were a number of other vestments which were worn only by the pope:

Prior to the reforms of 2007 they were armed with thin wooden canes.

Prior to the 1918 boundary reforms, the county of Aberdeen had been covered, nominally, by the four constituencies of East Aberdeenshire, West Aberdeenshire, Aberdeen North, and Aberdeen South, and the county of Kincardine had been covered, nominally, by the Kincardineshire constituency.

Prior to 2012, the two losers of the knock-out rounds would race for the Bronze Medal ; this change was instituted to encourage performance from all qualifying teams since all would have a chance to race for a medal depending on their performance.

Prior to World War 2, there was a higher percentage of endogamous marriages than after World War 2.

Prior to this time, Judah had been a vassal of the Assyrian empire, but the rapid decline of Assyria after c. 630 led Josiah to assert his independence and institute a religious reform stressing loyalty to Yahweh, the national God.

Prior to the 1995 season, the Rockies acquired free-agent outfielder Larry Walker, previously of the Montreal Expos, who replaced Kingery as the 4th member of the " Blake Street Bombers "— named after the street on which the new ballpark ( Coors Field ) was located — along with Galarraga, Bichette, and third baseman Vinny Castilla, who had played sparingly with the major-league club during the previous season.

Prior Diego died, after two years in the mission field, on his return trip to Spain.

Prior to the Crucifixion the Jews are called Israelites, the honorific title of God's chosen people ; after it, they are called " Ioudaioi ", Jews, a sign that through their rejection of the Christ the " kingdom of Heaven " has been taken away from them and given instead to the church.

Prior to the implementation of the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office Act 1996 enacted by the British Parliament, Hong Kong represented its interests abroad through the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices ( HKETOs ) and via a special office in the British Embassies or High Commissions, but the latter has ceased after the sovereignty of Hong Kong was transferred to the PRC and became a special administrative region ( SAR ) of the PRC in 1997.

Prior to 2001, U. S. law restricted trading such that insiders mainly traded during windows when their inside information was public, such as soon after earnings releases.

Prior to the reunification of Germany, many surviving Gründerzeit buildings were left uninhabited and, after years of degradation, waiting for demolition.

Prior and after the failed revolution, the Bolshevik leadership voluntarily resided in exile to evade Tsarist Russia's secret police, such as Lenin who resided in Switzerland.

Prior to its dissolution in 1991, the USSR had the second largest economy in the world after the United States.

Prior to its creation as the Territory of the Saar Basin by the League of Nations after World War I, the Saarland ( or simply " the Saar ", as is frequently referred to ) did not exist as a unified entity.

Prior to this period she performed under her middle name, Ellen, but permanently adopted Tori after a friend's boyfriend told her it suited her.

Prior to 2005, after the top two cars were set, the top 14 cars in the qualifying races advanced to the field, and then between six ( 1998 – 2003 ), eight ( 1995 – 97, 2004 ), or ten ( until 1994 ) fastest cars which did not advance from the qualifying race were added, and, since 1976, between one and seven cars were added by previous year's points performance and or championship, except for 1985, when no such car was eligible for a provisional starting spot, the only time that happened in the Daytona 500 from when the provisional was added in 1976 through 2004.

Prior to this, Finney had been chosen to play T. E. Lawrence in David Lean's production of Lawrence of Arabia after a successful, and elaborate, screen-test that took 4 days to shoot.

Prior to the release of 1998's Follow the Leader, Gretchen Plewes, a Zeeland high school assistant principal, said in an interview for a Michigan newspaper that Korn's music is " indecent, vulgar, obscene and intends to be insulting " after giving a student, Eric VanHoven, a one-day suspension for wearing a shirt with the Korn logo on it.

The remains of some of his soldiers were found in the nearby village of Cleeve Prior after fleeing from the battle of Evesham.

Prior to and immediately after European settlement, the land today comprising Lancaster and Fairfield County, Ohio was inhabited variously by the Shawnee, Iroquois, Wyandot, and other Native American tribes.

Prior to 1975, and occasionally in more recent work, Post Keynesian could simply mean economics carried out after 1936, the date of Keynes's The General Theory.

Prior to the Vajrayana developed the Mantrayana, and after the Vajrayana the Sahajayana and Kalachakrayana developed.

Prior to his first visitation date with Zackary, an unknown assailant shot Gilbride dead by automatic weapon fire as he sat in his car shortly after midnight on September 27 while parked outside his home in an execution-style slaying.

Prior to the new recording sessions, the band toured Australia and New Zealand ( after a two-show night in Hong Kong ), played concerts in the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden and made several television, radio and live concert appearances in the UK.

The supercilious " abbot in waiting ", Prior Robert Pennant ( 1148 – 1167 ) succeeded Radulfus some time after the end of the Cadfael Chronicles.

Prior to public service, McNamara was one of the " Whiz Kids " who helped rebuild Ford Motor Company after World War II, and briefly served as Ford's President before becoming Secretary of Defense.

Prior to the revolution, the Bolshevik doctrine of democratic centralism argued that only a tightly knit and secretive organization could successfully overthrow the government ; after the revolution, they argued that only such an organization could prevail against foreign and domestic enemies.

Prior to that, he was a noted New York municipal bond lawyer, director of Nixon's 1968 presidential campaign, and one of Nixon's closest personal friends ; after his tenure as Attorney General, he served as director of Nixon's 1972 presidential campaign.