Prior to the Revolution, New Englanders consumed large quantities of rum and beer, as maritime trade provided them relatively easy access to the goods needed to produce these items: Rum was the distilled spirit of choice, as the main ingredient, molasses, was readily available from trade with the West Indies.

Prior to more general use of such technology these wheelchair users could only use specialist paratransit mobility buses.

Prior to the period of these scriptures, Mahāyāna metaphysics had been dominated by teachings on emptiness in the form of Madhyamaka philosophy.

Prior to 1960, the creator of these stories remained a mystery to his readers.

Prior to that, there exist references to " badger dogs " and " hole dogs ", but these likely refer to purposes rather than to specific breeds.

For these reasons, Prior Diego suggested that the papal legates begin to live a reformed apostolic life.

" Prior to Draper, Beauchamp & Davidson had also offered a definition which includes these elements, although they offered a somewhat longer account, and one that specifically discounts fetuses in order to distinguish between abortions and euthanasia:

Prior to 1951, Communism lived within the urban labor forces in small study groups during 1944 to 1953 which it had a tremendous influence on these urban labor forces.

Prior to this, few doctors or their assistants practiced these procedures.

Prior to collapse, these clouds maintain their mechanical equilibrium through magnetic fields, turbulence, and rotation.

The recipients of these letters included Philippe de Cabassoles, bishop of Cavaillon ; Ildebrandino Conti, bishop of Padua ; Cola di Rienzo, tribune of Rome ; Francesco Nelli, priest of the Prior of the Church of the Holy Apostles in Florence ; and Niccolò di Capoccia, a cardinal and priest of Saint Vitalis.

Prior to the release of these maps, players were limited to playing multiplayer games on the single-player levels, which, while functional as multiplayer levels, were not designed with deathmatch gameplay specifically in mind.

Prior to the construction of these infrastructures, transbay transportation was dominated by fleets of ferryboats operated by the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Key System transit company.

Prior to this discovery it was assumed that these formations had eroded away during the Laramide orogeny.

Prior to either of these structures the famous Chain Pier was built, to the designs of Captain Samuel Brown.

Prior to the 1950s, the various stages of the recording and marketing process had been carried out by different professionals within the industry – A & R managers found potential new artists and signed them to their labels ; professional songwriters created new material ; publishing agents sold these songs to the A & R people ; staff engineers carried out the task of making the recordings in company-owned studios.

Prior to the Russo-Japanese War, countries constructed their battleships with mixed batteries of mainly 152 mm ( 6-inch ), 203 mm ( 8-inch ), 254 mm ( 10-inch ) and 305 mm ( 12-inch ) guns, with the intent that these battleships fight on the battle line in a close-quarter, decisive fleet action.

Prior to that, a combination of ranks were used – see the main article and Commodore ( United States ) for the history and evolution of these ranks.

Prior to the mid 19th century, mariners referred to these animals as mermaids.

Prior to the establishment of universities, European higher education took place for hundreds of years in Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools ( Scholae monasticae ), in which monks and nuns taught classes ; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century AD.

Prior to the 1980s, these works were described by various terms including " illustrated song ", " filmed insert ", " promotional ( promo ) film ", " promotional clip " or " film clip ".

Prior to the days of such careful planning, “ A typical black-letter page of these Gothic years would show a page in which the lettering was cramped and crowded into a format dominated by huge ornamented capitals that descended from uncial forms or by illustrations .” To prevent such poorly made manuscripts and illuminations from occurring a script was typically supplied first, “ and blank spaces were left for the decoration.

Prior to these changes, The Independent had a daily circulation of around 217, 500, the lowest of any major national British daily, climbing to claim a 15 % rise by March 2004 ( to 250, 000 ).

Prior to receiving these titles, Rincewind held the post of Assistant Librarian, but it is unclear whether or not he retains the office.

Prior to its decommissioning, the fabled Route 66 also shared a concurrence with these Interstate highways.

Prior to Ricasoli, Canaiolo was emerging as the dominant variety in the Chianti blend with Sangiovese and Malvasia playing supporting roles.

Prior to 1973, Conservative Judaism had more limited roles for women and was more similar to current Modern Orthodoxy, with changes on issues including mixed seating, synagogue corporate leadership, and permitting women to be called to the Torah.

Prior to the role of ' Trapper John ', Rogers appeared on television in various roles in both dramas and sitcoms such as The Invaders, The F. B. I., Gunsmoke, Gomer Pyle, U. S. M. C., The Fugitive, and had a small supporting role in the 1967 movie Cool Hand Luke.

Prior to that, she appeared in small roles in The Jazz Singer and a number of early lavish Technicolor musicals, including The Show of Shows, The Bride of the Regiment, and Under A Texas Moon.

Prior to 1988, her screen appearance was often limited to eye candy roles.

Prior to the middle of the 20th century in Western culture, homosexual societies were mostly underground or secret, which makes it difficult to determine how long butch and femme roles have been practiced by women.

" Prior to her role as Grimbridge, Nelkin played only small cameo roles in television series like CHiPs and The Waltons.

Prior to taking the throne, he had served in important roles in the administrations of his grandnephews Emperor Mu, Emperor Ai, and Emperor Fei.

Prior to graduation, she appeared in minor film roles including Initiation ( 1987 ) and The 13th Floor ( 1988 ).

Prior to ER, Visnjic had small speaking roles in films such as The Peacemaker, Committed and Practical Magic.

Prior to the launch of the NAA, Charles Clarke, the then Secretary of State for Education and Skills stated that the separation of these two roles, made possible by the creation of the new agency, would decrease what was regarded by the government as conflicting responsibilities.

Prior to Ed, Cavanagh's film appearances were mainly in supporting roles.

Prior to her signature role on That ' 70s Show, she had small roles in several situation comedies.

Prior and after his posts with Grace, he held several senior positions and advisory roles for the United States government ( including serving in President Ronald Reagan's cabinet ) during several administrations since the early 1980s.

Prior to elected office, Campbell began her early career by holding leadership roles in several community organizations and advocacy groups.

Prior to these political roles, general Mordacq had been a frontline divisional commander in 1916 and 1917 and was wounded twice on the battlefields.

Prior to this Jennie Elias has had various other political roles including being a London Area Officer, Vice-Chairman of Kensington and Chelsea Conservative Association and serving several times on the London mayoral selection committee.

Prior to forming Eton Park in 2004, Mindich spent 15 years at Goldman Sachs in two main roles: leading the firm ’ s equities risk arbitrage business and managing the firm ’ s equities division.

Prior to Queer as Folk, he appeared in recurring roles in Popular and Caroline in the City.

Prior to coming to Australia, Ryan had risen rapidly to very senior roles in British police ranks.

Prior to and during World War II target tugs were typically operated by the air arms on behalf of which they flew, and were usually conversions of aircraft that had failed in combat or that were otherwise unsuitable or obsolete in their design roles ( see Fairey Battle and Short Sturgeon ).

Prior to The Mambo Kings, Assante had appeared in minor supporting roles, and had not yet broken out as a major star ; Banderas, a Spanish actor, had moved to Los Angeles, California, hoping to make an international debut with his first English speaking role.

Prior to his statewide activities, Bailey served in local roles in his home city of Hartford.

Prior to EastEnders Oberman appeared in a variety of television programmes including Casualty ( 1997 – 1998 ), Kiss Me Kate ( 1998 ), and The Bill ( 2000 ), and carved out a comedic niche with leading roles in Bob Martin ( 2000 – 2001 ), Lenny Henry In Pieces ( 2000 – 2003 ) and Big Train ( 2002 ).

Prior to the opening of Kuala Lumpur Sentral, the platforms were designated the following roles: