Prior to the Revolution, New Englanders consumed large quantities of rum and beer, as maritime trade provided them relatively easy access to the goods needed to produce these items: Rum was the distilled spirit of choice, as the main ingredient, molasses, was readily available from trade with the West Indies.

Prior to more general use of such technology these wheelchair users could only use specialist paratransit mobility buses.

Prior to the period of these scriptures, Mahāyāna metaphysics had been dominated by teachings on emptiness in the form of Madhyamaka philosophy.

Prior to 1960, the creator of these stories remained a mystery to his readers.

Prior to that, there exist references to " badger dogs " and " hole dogs ", but these likely refer to purposes rather than to specific breeds.

For these reasons, Prior Diego suggested that the papal legates begin to live a reformed apostolic life.

" Prior to Draper, Beauchamp & Davidson had also offered a definition which includes these elements, although they offered a somewhat longer account, and one that specifically discounts fetuses in order to distinguish between abortions and euthanasia:

Prior to 1951, Communism lived within the urban labor forces in small study groups during 1944 to 1953 which it had a tremendous influence on these urban labor forces.

Prior to this, few doctors or their assistants practiced these procedures.

Prior to collapse, these clouds maintain their mechanical equilibrium through magnetic fields, turbulence, and rotation.

The recipients of these letters included Philippe de Cabassoles, bishop of Cavaillon ; Ildebrandino Conti, bishop of Padua ; Cola di Rienzo, tribune of Rome ; Francesco Nelli, priest of the Prior of the Church of the Holy Apostles in Florence ; and Niccolò di Capoccia, a cardinal and priest of Saint Vitalis.

Prior to the release of these maps, players were limited to playing multiplayer games on the single-player levels, which, while functional as multiplayer levels, were not designed with deathmatch gameplay specifically in mind.

Prior to the construction of these infrastructures, transbay transportation was dominated by fleets of ferryboats operated by the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Key System transit company.

Prior to this discovery it was assumed that these formations had eroded away during the Laramide orogeny.

Prior to either of these structures the famous Chain Pier was built, to the designs of Captain Samuel Brown.

Prior to the 1950s, the various stages of the recording and marketing process had been carried out by different professionals within the industry – A & R managers found potential new artists and signed them to their labels ; professional songwriters created new material ; publishing agents sold these songs to the A & R people ; staff engineers carried out the task of making the recordings in company-owned studios.

Prior to the Russo-Japanese War, countries constructed their battleships with mixed batteries of mainly 152 mm ( 6-inch ), 203 mm ( 8-inch ), 254 mm ( 10-inch ) and 305 mm ( 12-inch ) guns, with the intent that these battleships fight on the battle line in a close-quarter, decisive fleet action.

Prior to that, a combination of ranks were used – see the main article and Commodore ( United States ) for the history and evolution of these ranks.

Prior to the mid 19th century, mariners referred to these animals as mermaids.

Prior to the establishment of universities, European higher education took place for hundreds of years in Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools ( Scholae monasticae ), in which monks and nuns taught classes ; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century AD.

Prior to the 1980s, these works were described by various terms including " illustrated song ", " filmed insert ", " promotional ( promo ) film ", " promotional clip " or " film clip ".

Prior to the days of such careful planning, “ A typical black-letter page of these Gothic years would show a page in which the lettering was cramped and crowded into a format dominated by huge ornamented capitals that descended from uncial forms or by illustrations .” To prevent such poorly made manuscripts and illuminations from occurring a script was typically supplied first, “ and blank spaces were left for the decoration.

Prior to these changes, The Independent had a daily circulation of around 217, 500, the lowest of any major national British daily, climbing to claim a 15 % rise by March 2004 ( to 250, 000 ).

Prior to receiving these titles, Rincewind held the post of Assistant Librarian, but it is unclear whether or not he retains the office.

Prior to its decommissioning, the fabled Route 66 also shared a concurrence with these Interstate highways.

Prior to creating the Asterix series, Goscinny and Uderzo had previously had success with their series Oumpah-pah, which was published in the Tintin magazine.

Prior to World War I, the British explosives chemist Oswald Silberrad obtained British and U. S. patents for a series of plastic explosives called " Nitrols ", composed of nitrated aromatics, collodion, and oxidising inorganic salts.

Prior to the release of the TV series, the name Robotech was used by model kit manufacturer Revell on their Robotech Defenders line in the mid-1980s.

Prior to 2002, SIGGRAPH papers were printed in the SIGGRAPH Conference Proceedings series of publications.

Prior to working in the film industry, the Wachowskis wrote comic books for Marvel Comics ' Razorline imprint, namely Ectokid ( created by horror novelist Clive Barker ) in 1993 as well as writing for Epic Comics ' Clive Barker's Hellraiser and Clive Barker's Nightbreed comic series.

Prior to Michelangelo's involvement, the Overseers of the Office of Works of the Duomo ( Operai ), consisting mostly of members of the influential woolen cloth guild, the Arte della Lana, had plans to commission a series of twelve large Old Testament sculptures for the buttresses of the cathedral of Santa Maria Del Fiore.

Prior to the launch of its HD feed in 2004, some sitcoms and drama series were presented in this format, but now reality, talk, and game shows ( American Idol being the lone exception, as it is presented in High Definition ) are only presented in the enhanced definition widescreen mode.

The " anxious sweetness " of the fictional Abbot Heribert is set against the proud and ambitious Prior Robert, who Kollman argues " almost becomes the true villain of the series ".

When Ngô Quyền ( King of Vietnam ) ( 939 – 944 ) restoring sovereign power in the country, the next millennium Vietnam advanced by the accomplishments of a series of dynasties: Ngôs, Đinhs, Prior Lês, Lýs, Trầns, Hồs, Posterior Trầns, Later Lês, Mạcs, Trịnhs, Nguyễns, Tây Sơns and again Nguyễns.

Prior to implantation, the embryo remains in a protein shell, the zona pellucida, and undergoes a series of cell divisions.

Prior to launch, Soyuz 1 engineers are said to have reported 203 design faults to party leaders, but their concerns " were overruled by political pressures for a series of space feats to mark the anniversary of Lenin's birthday.

Prior to Kids Incorporated, Lynch and Biller created and produced a long-running music video series for TBS, Night Tracks.

Prior to this episode, Rod Serling had written an episode called " The Happy Place " as the pilot for his new series.

Prior to this they had reportedly saved an episode of Saturday Night Live by breaking through a picket line and hosting the show against the union's wishes ; the episode was a ratings smash the likes of which the series had not seen since the 1970s.

Prior to the establishment of a series of dams, the river dropped in, from Dalton to Bath.

Prior to the district's founding, the town had a series of public schools.

Prior to the development of the ISO 14000 series, organizations voluntarily constructed their own EMS systems, but this made comparisons of environmental effects between companies difficult and therefore the universal ISO 14000 series was developed.

Prior to his playing " Captain Michael Gallant " Crabbe had hosted a local NYC based children's film wraparound television series The Buster Crabbe Show.

Prior to this, UBS had operated through a series of correspondent banks and representative offices.

Prior to filming, Fry and Laurie were already a successful double act with TV series A Bit of Fry and Laurie and Jeeves and Wooster.

Prior to that, the Columbus Bullies of the American Football League ( 1940 ) played the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in 1941 in a three-game series, which Columbus won, 2 games to 1.

" Prior to her role as Grimbridge, Nelkin played only small cameo roles in television series like CHiPs and The Waltons.

" Prior to their creation, nearly all the previous villains in the series were considered too likable.