Prior to the meiosis process the cell's chromosomes are duplicated by a round of DNA replication, creating from the maternal and paternal versions of each chromosome ( homologs ) two exact copies, sister chromatids, attached at the centromere region.

Prior to the release of Windows Media Player in Windows 98 Second Edition, separate programs, CD Player, Deluxe CD Player, DVD Player and Media Player, were included in old versions of Microsoft Windows for playback of media files.

Prior versions have been and still are in widespread use, so this section provides an overview of the changes to the older 4. x formats.

Prior to SPSS 16. 0, different versions of SPSS were available for Windows, Mac OS X and Unix.

Prior to the outbreak of World War II most of the twin turret tanks were converted to single turret versions and only 24 twin-turret types remained in Polish service ( as opposed to roughly 108 of the other type ).

Prior to the acquisition of the product by Freescale Semiconductor, versions existed for Macintosh, Microsoft Windows, Linux, Solaris, PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, Nintendo DS, Wii, Palm OS, Symbian OS, and even for BeOS.

Prior to 0. 58, three consecutive releases ( 0. 55 – 0. 57 ) were made to fix significant security holes in previous versions, some allowing client compromise even before the server is authenticated.

Prior to the 3. 21 firmware update on April 1, 2010, the PlayStation 3 ( only the " fat " version, Linux could never be installed on the " slim " version ) allowed versions of Linux to be installed and some Linux programming was possible, similar to the PS2.

Prior to the release of 4-Track Demos, Harvey had a history of releasing early versions of her songs.

Prior versions were released as public domain software.

Prior versions were named Microsoft Great Plains and Microsoft Dynamics.

Prior to this, TrueCrypt used LRW mode in versions 4. 1 through 4. 3a, and CBC mode in versions 4. 0 and earlier.

Modern versions of the song are performed on the albums Fire & Fleet & Candlelight by Buffy Sainte-Marie, Liege & Lief by Fairport Convention, Milkwhite Sheets by Isobel Campbell, Airs and Graces by June Tabor, Anne Briggs by Anne Briggs, Rosemary Lane by Bert Jansch, Weaving my Ancestors ' Voices by Sheila Chandra, Arthur the King by Maddy Prior, Country Life by Show of Hands, Prince Heathen by Martin Carthy, Reynadine by Carolina Chocolate Drops and Dave Swarbrick, and Birds Fly South by Zoe Speaks, among others.

Prior to the video album's release, the " Video EP " Duran Duran Video 45 came out in two versions.

Prior to the recording of their fourth album, the EP Fire Within was released including alternative versions of two of the band's classic tracks, a W. A. S. P.

Prior to the Return of the Jedi comic, the strips in the UK Star Wars comics were printed in black and white, even those taken from the American color versions.

Prior to this, versions were numbered.

Prior to WJAR's purchase by NBC, it had included various versions of a different stylized " 10 " above the WJAR call letters.

Prior to versions 1. 0. 2. 0 and 1. 0. 2. 1 for the Windows release, many Windows Vista users had experienced compatibility and connection issues while using Hamachi.

Prior to its retail release, beta versions of the game were published on the developer's website beginning in 2004.

Prior to this time, several older service medals had been issued both to the Army and Navy, but in different versions for each service.

He wrote many commentaries on the works of Aristotle, extant are those on the Prior Analytics, Topics, Meteorology, Sense and Sensibilia, and Metaphysics.

His extant commentaries are on Prior Analytics ( Book 1 ), Topics, Meteorology, Sense and Sensibilia, and Metaphysics ( Books 1-5 ).

There are a number of interesting monuments, most notably that of Prior Vivian which was formerly in the Priory Church ( Thomas Vivian's effigy lying on a chest: black Catacleuse stone and grey marble ).

Prior to dividing by, one needs to check if there are stationary ( also called equilibrium )

Prior to the Crucifixion the Jews are called Israelites, the honorific title of God's chosen people ; after it, they are called " Ioudaioi ", Jews, a sign that through their rejection of the Christ the " kingdom of Heaven " has been taken away from them and given instead to the church.

Prior to the Babylonian exile, the names of only four months are referred to in the Tanakh:

Prior to the publication of Keynes ' General Theory, mainstream economic thought was that the economy existed in a state of general equilibrium, meaning that the economy naturally consumes whatever it produces because the needs of consumers are always greater than the capacity of the economy to satisfy those needs.

Prior to the 19th century distinctive May day celebrations were widespread throughout West Cornwall, and are being revived in St. Ives and Penzance.

Prior to the development of the Boehm system, flutes were most commonly made of wood, with an inverse conical bore, eight keys, and tone holes ( the openings where the fingers are placed to produce specific notes ) that were small in size, and thus easily covered by the fingertips.

Prior to the European foundation of the city, there was no established nation state, and the population instead consisted of some indigenous semi-nomad groups that are collectively called Chichimecas.

The oldest surviving writing to explicitly consider the rules by which reason operates are the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle, especially Prior Analysis and Posterior Analysis.

Prior to the launch of its HD feed in 2004, some sitcoms and drama series were presented in this format, but now reality, talk, and game shows ( American Idol being the lone exception, as it is presented in High Definition ) are only presented in the enhanced definition widescreen mode.

Prior to the Spellplague descendants of the Miyeritar dark elves later succeed in reversing their transformation and are recreated as a distinct dark elf race.

Prior to the adoption of the California Job Case, the capital letters were stored in a separate drawer or case that was located above the case that held the other letters ; this is why capital letters are called " upper case " characters while the non-capitals are " lower case ".

Prior to his service with the Union Army, he developed several investigative techniques that are still used today.

Prior to trial, most proceedings in non-criminal courts are conducted via papers filed in the court, often through lawyers.

The Prior Analytics contains his exposition of the " syllogistic ", where three important principles are applied for the first time in history: the use of variables, a purely formal treatment, and the use of an axiomatic system.

Their politics may be different but such people share the morality of Laval and Pétain ... they are willing not only to tolerate evil, but to excuse it ... Both Jim Prior and Keith Joseph know that George Ward and Grunwick are not perfect, nor was Czechoslovakia perfect in 1938.

His personality reflects more modern, pragmatic attitudes and progressive ethics than those of his time, which often puts him in conflict with his brethren, particularly with his superior Prior Robert and Robert's clerk Brother Jerome, who disapprove of Cadfael for his casual attitude toward rules and for the privileges that are allowed him by their Abbot.

Prior to the introduction of specialised video connector standards such as SCART, TVs were designed to only accept signals through the aerial connector: signals originate at a TV station, are transmitted over the air, and are then received by an antenna and fed into the TV.