In his tenth year, upon Bertrand's death ( 1112 ), he succeeded to the county of Toulouse and marquisate of Provence, but Toulouse was taken from him by William IX, count of Poitiers, in 1114, who claimed it by right of his wife Philippa of Toulouse, daughter of William IV of Toulouse.

In addition, in 889, Arnulf supported the claim of Louis the Blind to the kingdom of Provence, after receiving a personal appeal from Louis ’ mother, Ermengard, who came to see Arnulf at Forchheim in May 889.

The expulsion of the Jews from France by Philip IV (" the Fair "), in, caused the Jews of Montpellier to take refuge, partly in Provence, partly in Perpignan and partly in Majorca.

In early medieval Riez in upper Provence, alluvial silt from two small rivers raised the riverbeds and widened the floodplain, which slowly buried the Roman settlement in alluvium and gradually moved new construction to higher ground ; concurrently the headwater valleys above Riez were being opened to pasturage.

* 1935-Perfume from Provence

* 1937-Golden Sovereign, Chaeddar Gorge, As the Bee Sucks, Extra Perfume from Provence

* 1940 – World War II: the French fleet of the Atlantic based at Mers el Kébir, is bombarded by the British fleet, coming from Gibraltar, causing the loss of three battleships: Dunkerque, Provence and Bretagne.

In 1113 Pisa and the Pope Paschal II set up, together with the count of Barcelona and other contingents from Provence and Italy ( Genoese excluded ), a war to free the Balearic Islands from the Moors: the queen and the king of Majorca were brought in chains to Tuscany.

) The first act was called for, owing to an alarm, lest plague should be imported from Poland and the Baltics ; the second act of 1721 was due to the disastrous prevalence of plague at Marseille and other places in Provence, France ; it was renewed in 1733 owing to a fresh outbreak of the malady on the continent of Europe, and again in 1743, owing to the disastrous epidemic at Messina.

* Lothair received the central portion of the empire which later became, from north to south: the Low Countries, Lorraine, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence, and the Kingdom of Italy ( which covered only the northern half of the Italian Peninsula ), collectively called Middle Francia.

* King Theodoric the Great sends an Ostrogoth army, led by his sword-bearer Theudis, and drives the Franks out of Provence and recovers Septimania ( Languedoc ) from the Visigoths.

The French King Philip the Fair, who had inherited from his father all the rights of Alphonse de Poitiers ( the last Count of Toulouse ), made them over to Charles II, King of Naples and Count of Provence ( 1290 ).

A crowd of traders of all kinds brought to market the produce necessary for maintaining the numerous court and for the visitors who flocked to it ; grain and wine from Provence, from the south of France, the Roussillon and the country around Lyon.

Shortly afterwards it was separated from it again, when in August 1246 King Louis IX gave it as an appanage to his brother Charles, count of Provence, soon to become king of Naples and Sicily.

By marriage to Beatrice, heiress of Raymond Berengar IV of Provence, he was Count of Provence and Forcalquier from 1246.

As in Provence, he insisted on maximizing the revenues and privileges he could obtain from his new subjects.

King Charles planned to raise new troops and a fleet in Provence, and instructed Charles of Salerno to maintain a strict defensive posture until his return from France.

* Saracen pirates, from the Balearic Islands, raid the city of Toulon in Provence and the benedictine monastery of Saint Honorat on the Lérins Islands.

* July 17 – Provence: Saracen pirates, from the Balearic Islands, raid the benedictine monastery of Saint Honorat on the Lérins Islands and the city of Toulon killing an estimated 300 and taking captives.

On 5 October, a mob from Paris descended upon Versailles and forced the royal family, along with the comte de Provence, his wife and Madame Elisabeth, to move to Paris under the watchful eye of the Garde Nationale.

The artist has perhaps tried to depict Edward's blepharoptosis, a trait he inherited from his father. Edward was born at the Palace of Westminster on the night of 17 – 18 June 1239, to King Henry III and Eleanor of Provence.

The cuisine of Nice is especially close to those of Provence but also Liguria and Piedmont and uses local ingredients ( olive oil, anchovies, fruit and vegetables ) but also those from more remote regions, in particular from Northern Europe, because ships which came to pick up olive oil arrived full of food products, such as dried haddock.

However scarce, some Frankish population and nobles settled down in regions like Albigeois, Carcassone ( on the fringes of Septimania ), Toulouse, and Provence and Lower Rhone ( the last two not in Aquitaine ).

The 14th century was a terrible time in Provence, and all of Europe: the population of Provence had been about 400, 000 people ; the Black Plague

At the beginning of the 17th century Provence had a population of about 450, 000 people.

At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the residents of Provence were struggling to reconcile economic development and population growth with their desire to preserve the landscape and culture that make Provence unique.

The study also concluded that “ Estimates of colonial Greek vs. indigenous Celto-Ligurian demography predict a maximum of a 10 % Greek contribution, suggesting a Greek male elite-dominant input into the Iron Age Provence population .” This evidence supports the persistence of the gene pool of the Ancient Greeks among the modern southern French.

The Durance played a very important part in the history of Provence, and largely contributed to the economic growth and population of the Marseilles area, after having been an obstacle for centuries.

The population of Provence was reduced by 50 % and in some regions in Tuscany 70 % were lost during this period.

Provence has a population () of.

Of the population in the municipality 154 or about 41. 8 % were born in Provence and lived there in 2000.

The age distribution,, in Provence is ; 29 children or 8. 1 % of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 54 teenagers or 15. 1 % are between 10 and 19.

In Provence about 97 or ( 26. 4 %) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 30 or ( 8. 2 %) have completed additional higher education ( either university or a Fachhochschule ).

* 1348-The Black Plague reduces by half the population of Provence.

The Provence region of southern France, at a time when the local Jewish population was under the considerable influence of the neighboring Spanish-Jewish community to the South.

At the time the Cathedral was built, in the late 11th century or early 12th century, Arles was the second-largest city in Provence, with a population of between 15, 000 and 20, 000 people.

In 1348, The Black Death drastically reduced the population of all of Provence.

At the beginning of the 18th century Provence suffered from the economic malaise of the end of the reign of Louis XIV.

History and legend has given René the title " Good King René of Provence ", though he only lived in Provence in the last ten years of his life, from 1470 to 1480, and his political policies of territorial expansion were costly and unsuccessful.

After the return of René to Provence, Alfonso easily reduced the remaining resistance and made his triumphal entrance in Naples on 26 February 1443, as the monarch of a pacified kingdom.

On the death of Louis II in 1417 it reverted to Savoy, and, although Count René again retook the area for Provence in 1471, it had returned to Savoyard dominance by the start of the 16th century, by which point the County of Provence had become united with the Kingdom of France due to the death of Count Charles V in 1481.

He had been a descendant of the Israelite tribe of Issachar ; he had been educated by his grandfathers, who had both been physicians to the court of Good King René of Provence ; he had attended Montpellier University in 1525 to gain his first degree: after returning there in 1529 he had successfully taken his medical doctorate ; he had gone on to lecture in the Medical Faculty there until his views became too unpopular ; he had supported the heliocentric view of the universe ; he had travelled to the north-east of France, where he had composed prophecies at the abbey of Orval ; in the course of his travels he had performed a variety of prodigies, including identifying a future Pope ; he had successfully cured the Plague at Aix-en-Provence and elsewhere ; he had engaged in scrying using either a magic mirror or a bowl of water ; he had been joined by his secretary Chavigny at Easter 1554 ; having published the first installment of his Propheties, he had been summoned by Queen Catherine de ' Medici to Paris in 1556 to discuss with her his prophecy at quatrain I. 35 that her husband King Henri II would be killed in a duel ; he had examined the royal children at Blois ; he had bequeathed to his son a ' lost book ' of his own prophetic paintings ; he had been buried standing up ; and he had been found, when dug up at the French Revolution, to be wearing a medallion bearing the exact date of his disinterment.

But after the sudden death of his son John in December 1470, René, for reasons which are not altogether clear, decided to move his residence to Provence and leave Anjou for good.

Nicolas Froment ( 1435 – 1486 ) was the most important painter of Provence during the Renaissance, best known for his triptych of the Burning Bush ,( around 1476 ) commissioned by King René I of Naples.

The wines of Aix were originally planted by veterans of the Roman legions in the 1st century BC, and were promoted in the 15th century by René I of Naples, the last ruler of Provence.

# René of Savoy ( 1468-31 March 1525 ), served as Governor of Nice and Provence, known as the Grand Bastard of Savoy and father-in-law of Anne, 1st Duc de Montmorency

René of Anjou ( Rei Rainièr in Occitan ) ( 16 January 1409 – 10 July 1480 ), also known as René I of Naples and Good King René ( French Le bon roi René ), was Duke of Anjou, Count of Provence ( 1434 – 1480 ), Count of Piedmont, Duke of Bar ( 1430 – 1480 ), Duke of Lorraine ( 1431 – 1453 ), King of Naples ( 1435 – 1442 ; titular 1442 – 1480 ), titular King of Jerusalem ( 1438 – 1480 ) and Aragon ( 1466 – 1480 ) ( including Sicily, Majorca, Corsica ).

René retired to Provence, and in 1474 made a will by which he left Bar to his grandson René II, Duke of Lorraine ; Anjou and Provence to his nephew Charles, count of Le Maine.

Provence retained its formal independence until 1480, when the last Comte de Provence, René I of Naples, died and left the Comté to his nephew, Charles du Maine, who in turn left it to Louis XI of France.

René spent his youth in the court of his grandfather René I of Anjou between Angers and Provence, succeeding to his father in Vaudémont in 1470 and, three years later, to his uncle as captain of Angers, senechal and governor of Anjou.