* 1044 BC: On the death of Smendes I, king of Egypt, he is succeeded by two co-regents, Psusennes I and Neferkare Amenemnisu.

* 1044 BC — On the death of Smendes I, king of Egypt, he is succeeded by two co-regents, Psusennes I and Neferkare Amenemnisu.

Little is known of this individual ; he is thought by some to be the same person as ( King ) Psusennes II.

Psusennes II is often considered the same person as the High-Priest of Amun known as Psusennes III.

The identification of the aforementioned Psusennes with Psusennes II is certain since the same fragmentary annal document next records — in the following line — the induction of Hor, the son of Nesankhefenmaat, into the priesthood of the chapel of Amun-Re at Karnak in Year 3 the second month of Akhet day 14 of king Osorkon I's reign just one generation later .-- with Shoshenq I's 21 year reign being skipped over.

Unlike his immediate predecessor and successor – Siamun and Shoshenq I respectively – Psusennes II is generally less well attested in contemporary historical records even though various versions of Manetho's Epitome credits him with either a 14 or a 35 year reign, ( generally amended to 15 years by most scholars including the British Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen ).

This is based on personal information recorded in the Large Dakhla stela which dates to Year 5 of Shoshenq I ; the stela preserves a reference to a land-register from Year 19 of a ' Pharaoh Psusennes '.

This stela states that Wayheset adjudicated in a certain water dispute by consulting a land-register which is explicitly dated to Year 19 of a " Pharaoh Psusennes " in order to determine the water rights of a man named Nysu-Bastet.

However, if the oracle dated to Year 19 of Psusennes I as many scholars traditionally assumed, Nysu-Bastet would have been separated from his mother by a total of 80 years from this date into Year 5 of Shoshenq I — a figure which is highly unlikely since Nysu-Bastet would not have waited until extreme old age to uphold his mother's watering rights.

The most significant component of the Great Dakhla stela is its palaeography: the use of the title Pharaoh Psusennes.

Rolf Krauss aptly observes that the earliest attested use of the word pharaoh as a title is documented in Year 17 of the 21st Dynasty king Siamun from Karnak Priestly Annals fragment 3B while a second use of the title ' name ' occurs during Psusennes II's reign where a hieratic graffito in the Ptah chapel of the Abydos temple of Seti I explicitly refers to Psusennes II as the " High Priest of Amen-Re, King of the Gods, the Leader, Pharaoh Psusennes.

Consequently, a reign of 24 years or 967-943 BC is now likely for Psusennes II ; hence, his reign has been raised from 14 to 24 years.

Other than Psusennes, Pinedjem had four other sons, whose mother is unidentified, but one or more of them must have been born to Duathathor-Henuttawy: Masaharta, Djedkhonsuefankh, Menkheperre ( all of whom became High Priests of Amun ) and Nesipaneferhor, a God's Father ( priest ) of Amun, whose name replaced that of a son of Herihor in the Karnak temple of Khonsu.

Psusennes I's mask is considered to be " one of the masterpieces of the treasure of Tanis " and is currently housed in Room 2 of the Cairo Museum.

Psusennes I's precise reign length is unknown because different copies of Manetho's records credit him with a reign of either 41 or 46 Years.

: " It is abundantly clear that the presence of Shoshenq II within NRT III ( Psusennes I's tomb ) was the result of a reburial.

Brooklyn 16. 205 is generally ascribed to Shoshenq III of the 22nd Dynasty " and comes from a mummy bandage from Deir el-Bahari should be dated to Year 49 of the 21st dynasty king Psusennes I instead because " it is unlikely that private persons from Upper Egypt refer to this late year of Shoshenq III.

Psusennes I, or < nowiki > Ψουσέννης < nowiki ></ nowiki >, Pasibkhanu or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut I < nowiki > ḥor-p3-sib3-ḫ &# 705 ; ỉ -< n >- niwt < nowiki ></ nowiki > was the third king of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt who ruled from Tanis ( Greek name for Dzann, Biblical Zoan ) between 1047 – 1001 BC.

Psusennes is the Greek form of the ancient Egyptian name Pasebakhaenniut.

However, the German scholar Rolf Krauss has recently argued that Psusennes II's reign was 24 years rather than Manetho's original figure of 14 years.

The editors of the recent 2006 book on titled ' Handbook on Ancient Egyptian Chronology '-- Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss and David Warburton — accept this logical reasoning and have amended Manetho's original figure of 14 years for Psusennes II to 24 years instead to Psusennes II.

Scientists have found evidence of plant growth on the base of Sheshonq II's coffin which suggests that Shoshenq II's original tomb had become waterlogged ; hence, the urgent need to rebury him and his funerary equipment in Psusennes ' tomb instead.

His tomb at Tanis was barely 20 feet long by 12 – 15 feet wide, " a mere cell compared with the tomb of Psusennes I " while his only other original projects was to continue with the decoration of the chapel of Isis " Mistress of the Pyramids at Giza " and to make an addition to one of the temples in Memphis.

Items which can be added to this list include a Year 5 Mummy linen that was written with the High Priest Psusennes III's name.

Psusennes II's royal name has been found associated with his successor, Shoshenq I in a graffito from tomb TT18, and in an ostracon from Umm el-Qa ' ab.

21, HP Herihor, Pinedjem I and Menkheperra have royal attributes and titles to differing extents " whereas the first three Tanite kings ( Smendes aka: Nesubanebded, Amenemnisu and Psusennes I ) are almost never referred to by name in Upper Egypt with the exception of one graffito and rock stela for Smendes.

In contrast, the name of Psusennes I's Dynasty 21 successors such as Amenemope, Osochor, and Siamun appear frequently in various documents from Upper Egypt while the Theban High Priest Pinedjem II who was a contemporary of the latter three kings never adopted any royal attributes or titles in his career.

Pharaoh Amenemope ( prenomen: Usermaatre ) was the son of Psusennes I. Amenemope / Amenemopet's birth name or nomen translates as " Amun in the Opet Feast.

Four objects from king Amenemope's royal tomb preserve the name of his illustrious father Psusennes I including a collar and several bracelets.

However, in her recent GM paper, Lange notes that the name Tutkheperre cannot be a mistake for either Shoshenq I or for " Tjetkheperre ", Psusennes II's prenomen, because their hieroglyphic symbols are completely different.

The few contemporary attestations from his reign include the aforementioned graffito in Seti I's Abydos temple, an ostracon from Umm el-Qa ' ab, an affiliation at Karnak and his presumed burial – which consists of a gilded coffin with a royal uraeus and a Mummy, found in an antechamber of Psusennes I's tomb at Tanis.

More impressive are the number of objects which associate Psusennes II together with his successor, Shoshenq I, such as an old statue of Thutmose III which contains two parallel columns of texts – one referring to Psusennes II and the other to Shoshenq I – a recently unearthed block from Tell Basta which preserves the nomen of Shoshenq I together with the prenomen of Psusennes II, and a now lost graffito from Theban Tomb 18.

This document, which has been designated as ' Block Karnak 94, CL 2149 ,' records the induction of a priest named Nesankhefenmaat into the chapel of Amun-Re within the Karnak precinct in Year 11 the first month of Shemu day 13 of a king named Psusennes.

Kitchen notes that this individual made an appeal to the Year 19 cadastral land-register of king Psusennes which belonged to his mother which historians assumed was made some " 80 years " ago during the reign of Psusennes I.

However, this argument does not account for the use of Pharaoh as a title in the Dakhla stela — a literary device which first occurs late during the reign of Siamun, an Egyptian king who ruled between 45 to 64 years after Year 19 of Psusennes I.

Hence, the Shoshenq mentioned in the large Year 5 Dakhla stela must have been Shoshenq I while the Psusennes mentioned in the same document likewise can only be Psusennes II which means that only 5 years ( or 10 years if Psusennes II ruled Egypt for 24 years ) would separate Nysu-Bastet from his mother.

However, a calculation of a lunar Tepi Shemu feast which records the induction of Hori son of Nespaneferhor into the Amun priesthood in regnal year 17 of Siamun, Psusennes II's predecessor — demonstrates that this date was equivalent to 970 BC.

After an interregnum of 38 years, during which the native Egyptian kings Siamun and Psusennes II assumed the throne, they ruled Egypt throughout the 22nd and 23rd Dynasties under such powerful kings as Shoshenq I, Osorkon I, Osorkon II, Shoshenq III and Osorkon III respectively.

Kitchen writes that this new royal arrangement ( i. e.: Shoshenq III -> Shoshenq IV -> Pami ) means that " Papyrus Brooklyn 16. 205 of a Year 49 followed by a Year 4 must now be attributed to the time of Psusennes I and Amenemope, not to Shoshenq III and Pimay.

Two bracelets from Shoshenq II's tomb mention king Shoshenq I while a pectoral was inscribed with the title ' Great Chief of the Ma Shoshenq ,' a title which Shoshenq I employed under Psusennes II before he became king.

Unlike Psusennes I, Amenemope was buried with much less opulence since " his wooden coffins were covered with gold leaf instead of being of solid silver " while " he wore a gilt mask rather than one of solid gold.