Her mother and father, Cleopatra V and Ptolemy XII, had also been brother and sister.

* Spring – Pharaoh Ptolemy XII dies and is succeeded by his eldest surviving daughter Cleopatra VII and her younger brother and co-ruler Ptolemy XIII.

* Spring – Pharaoh Ptolemy XII of Egypt

* Berenice IV becomes queen of Egypt after temporarily dethroning her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes.

* Princess Arsinoe IV of Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy XII of Egypt and probably Cleopatra V of Egypt ( or 68 BC ) ( d. 41 BC )

* Princess Arsinoe IV of Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy XII of Egypt and probably Cleopatra V of Egypt ( or 67 BC ) ( d. 41 BC )

* Ptolemy XII deposes Cleopatra V, and becomes sole ruler.

* Ptolemy XII Auletes succeeds Ptolemy XI Alexander II to the throne of Egypt.

Cleopatra originally ruled jointly with her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes, and later with her brothers, Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV, whom she married as per Egyptian custom, but eventually she became sole ruler.

The identity of Cleopatra's mother is unknown, but she is generally believed to be Cleopatra V Tryphaena of Egypt, the sister or cousin and wife of Ptolemy XII, or possibly another Ptolemaic family member who was the daughter of Ptolemy X and Cleopatra Berenice III Philopator if Cleopatra V was not the daughter of Ptolemy X and Berenice III.

In 50 BC Cleopatra came into a serious conflict with the Gabiniani, powerful Roman troops of Aulus Gabinius who had left them in Egypt to protect Ptolemy XII after his restoration to the throne in 55 BC.

* Ptolemy XII Auletes ( d. 51 BC )

* Pothinus ( 1st century BCE ): regent for pharaoh Ptolemy XII. Black eunuch of the Ottoman Sultan.

** Berenice IV of Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy XII of Egypt and elder sister of Cleopatra VII

The ancient Greek writer Diodorus Siculus wrote that the ancient Egyptians dated their creation ( or start of their reign of Gods ) " a little less than eighteen thousand years " from Ptolemy XII Auletes ( 117 – 51 BC ).

* Aulus Plautius, a tribune who read a letter from Ptolemy XII of Egypt before the Senate in 56 BC.

Ptolemy XII smashing his enemies with a royal mace.

After Alexander the Great died of a fever at age 32, Ptolemy Soter announced himself king in 305 BC, and commissioned its construction shortly thereafter.

Prince Ptolemy Philadelphus of Egypt, 36 BC – 29 BC, died without issue ( presumably )

When Ptolemy went to Rome with Cleopatra, Cleopatra VI Tryphaena seized the crown but died shortly afterwards in suspicious circumstances.

When Ptolemy XIV died – allegedly poisoned by his older sister – Cleopatra made Caesarion her co-regent and successor and gave him the epithets Theos Philopator Philometor (= Father-and motherloving God ).

In 21, Juba II made his son Ptolemy co-ruler and Juba II died in 23.

The sources also do not mention when Alexander Helios and Ptolemy Philadelphus died.

It is highly likely that both Alexander Helios and Ptolemy Philadelphus died from illness, although it is unknown whether they died before their sister married or after.

Ptolemy probably died from illness in the winter of 29 BC, but this is not verified.

When Juba died in 23 AD, his Roman-educated son Ptolemy of Mauretania succeeded him on the throne.

When Alexander died in 323 BC, Ptolemy is said to have instigated the resettlement of the empire made at Babylon.

In late c. 210 BC, Agathoclea may have given birth to a son from her affair with Ptolemy IV, who may have died shortly after his birth.

Ptolemy Epiphanes was only a small boy when his father, Ptolemy Philopator, died.

After she died, Ptolemy II and later Ptolemy IV Philopator decreed divine honors to her ( Theocritus, Idylls xv.

Conon was born on Samos, Ionia, and possibly died in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt, where he was court astronomer to Ptolemy III Euergetes.

In 152 BC, he briefly ruled jointly with one of his sons, known as Ptolemy Eupator, but it is thought that Ptolemy Eupator died that same year.

After this she ruled jointly with her brother and daughter until 116 BC when Ptolemy died, leaving the kingdom to Cleopatra III.

Pyrrhus was married five times: his first wife Antigone borne him a daughter called Olympias and in 295 BC she died possibly in childbirth while giving birth to their son, Ptolemy who died in the same year as his mother.

When Ptolemy XI died without a male heir, the only available male descendents of the Ptolemy I lineage were the illegitimate sons of Ptolemy IX by an unknown Greek concubine.

In August 51 BC, relations between Cleopatra and Ptolemy completely broke down.

Besides the similarity of the names, the identification was supported by the closeness between the latitude given by Ptolemy ( 52 ° 50 ') and the actual latitude of Kalisz ( 51 ° 45 ' 27 ").

Ptolemy Neos Dionysos Theos Philopator Theos Philadelphos ( 117 – 51 BC ;, spoken Ptolemaios Néos Diónusos Theós Philopátōr Theós Philádelphos ≈ New Dionysus, God Beloved of his Father, God Beloved of his Brother ), more commonly known as " Auletes " (, Aulētḗs = the Flutist ) or " Nothos " (, Nóthos = the Bastard ), was an Egyptian king of Macedonian descent.

Thus, Ptolemy XII ruled Egypt from 80 to 58 BC and from 55 BC until his death in 51 BC.

51 ) it rose in a large lake, whilst Ptolemy places its sources in Mount Carpates ( the modern Carpathian Mountains ), and Strabo ( ii.

" Sixes " were rarer than smaller vessels, and appear in the sources chiefly as flagships: at the Battle of Ecnomus, the two Roman consuls each had a hexareme, Ptolemy XII ( 80 – 58 and 55 – 51 BC ) had one as his personal flagship, as did Sextus Pompeius.

He noted that measurements by earlier astronomers had found higher values ( Indians: 24 °; Ptolemy 23 ° 51 ') and thus discovered that the axial tilt is not constant but is in fact ( currently ) decreasing.

When Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC his will stated that Ptolemy XIII and Cleopatra VII were to become co-rulers of Egypt, with the Roman Republic as their guardians.