The GNU General Public License has been described as a copyright hack because it cleverly uses the copyright laws for a purpose the lawmakers did not foresee.

Public domain works are the least restricted libre works, although their status typically comes from the expiration of copyright rather than a libre licence.

Category: Public copyright licenses

The rise of open access journals, in which the author retains the copyright but must pay a publication charge, such as the Public Library of Science family of journals, is another recent response to copyright concerns.

Category: Public copyright licenses

* All Acts of Parliament ( since 1988 ) and statutory instruments are available free on-line under Crown copyright terms from the Office of Public Sector Information ( OPSI ).

Category: Public copyright licenses

Public domain works, typically books with expired copyright, are scanned by volunteers or culled from digitalization projects, and the images are run through optical character recognition ( OCR ) software.

Public goods may also become subject to restrictions on access and may then be considered to be club goods or private goods ; exclusion mechanisms include copyright, patents, congestion pricing, and pay television.

* All United Kingdom Acts of Parliament from 1988 onwards and Statutory Instruments from 1987 onwards are available free on-line under Crown copyright terms from the Office of Public Sector Information ( HMSO ) at http :// www. opsi. gov. uk /

Public domain ( copyright expired ) and thus available with free full-text access online.

Stookey assigned the copyright to this song to the Public Domain Foundation.

Category: Public copyright licenses

The Cal Poly Pomona Office of Public Affairs created the Cal Poly Pomona colors for web development and has technical guidelines, copyright and privacy protection ; as well as logos and images that developers are asked to follow in the University's Guidelines for using official Cal Poly Pomona logos.

* Public Domain Mark, a way of distinguishing works that are free of known copyright

However, since the earlier policy as described in the Bylaws of October 2002 placed the HL7 protocol specifications in the Public Domain, and under 17 USC § 102 there is no copyright protection for an " idea, procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle, or discovery ", this revised policy may not be enforceable.

The Public Domain Enhancement Act ( PDEA ) ( ( 108th Congress ), ( 109th Congress )) was a bill in the United States Congress which, if passed, would have added a tax for copyrighted works to retain their copyright status.

A second line of criticism centers on the fact that, although printed in the books, the code is copyright by the Numerical Recipes authors, and not freely available for use under a GNU General Public License or similar open license.

Category: Public copyright licenses

In accordance to the " Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States, 1 January 2009 " Images published with notice but copyright was not renewed from 1923 through 1963 are public domain due to copyright expiration.

In 2007 he became the critic for Public Works and Treasury Board, as well as the NDP spokesman for digital issues such as copyright and internet neutrality.

Red Hat normally licenses the Cygwin library under the GNU General Public License version 3 with an exception to allow linking to any free and open source software whose license conforms to the Open Source Definition.

Debian () is a computer operating system composed of software packages released as free and open source software primarily under the GNU General Public License along with other free software licenses.

It was designed as a compromise between the strong-copyleft GNU General Public License or GPL and permissive licenses such as the BSD licenses and the MIT License.

* peer property ( referring to the new type of licenses which recognize individual authorship but not exclusive property rights, such as the GNU General Public License and the Creative Commons licenses )

The Apple Public Source License, as it turns out, fails to pass the third standard that Free and Open Source Software licenses are held to: the Debian Free Software Guidelines promulgated by the Debian project, an influential volunteer-run GNU / Linux distribution.

In 2002, the firm voluntarily surrendered its licenses to practice as Certified Public Accountants in the United States after being found guilty of criminal charges relating to the firm's handling of the auditing of Enron, an energy corporation based in Texas, which had filed for bankruptcy in 2001 and later failed.

Licenses that require derivative works to be licensed only under compatible licenses include copyleft licenses which include several common open source and free content licenses, such as the GNU General Public License ( GPL ) and the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license.

The code is released in binary and source code form under various licenses, notably the proprietary RealNetworks Community Source License and the free and open source software RealNetworks Public Source License.

Further, " ach member shall have a broad, royalty-free license to all intellectual property rights in the UnitedLinux Software, entitling each member to " use, copy, modify, distribute, market, advertise, sell, offer for sale, sublicense ... in any manner the Software, including the rights to make derivative works of the Software, to provide access to the Source Code and / or Object Code to any third party, to incorporate the Software into other products or bundle the Software with other products for its own business purposes and any other unlimited right of exploitation "; existing open source licenses, such as the GNU General Public License, also continued to apply.

The Free Software Foundation has said that both licenses are free software licenses, but are incompatible with the GNU General Public License ( GPL ).

The Iraqi Media Network ( IMN0, a sort of a public broadcastign network similar to the Public Broadcasting System in the United States, was issued radio and TV licenses by the CPA.

The Open Content License, dated July 14, 1998, predates the GNU Free Documentation License ( GFDL ) and other non-software public licenses, though discussions were held between David A. Wiley, creator of the Open Content License, and Richard Stallman, leader of the Free Software Foundation, who created the GNU General Public License for software and would create the GFDL.

This changed in 1980, when the National Association of Broadcasters ( representing only large commercial stations ), the then-new National Public Radio, and even the Corporation for Public Broadcasting convinced the FCC to demote class D stations to a second-class status, and to stop issuing new class D licenses altogether.

In the U. S., the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) partially re-legalized LPFM licenses, after the National Association of Broadcasters ( NAB ), Corporation for Public Broadcasting ( CPB ), and National Public Radio ( NPR ) convinced them to stop issuing the FM class D license in 1978.

There also exists the Electoral Tribunal, which has the responsibility to guarantee liberty, transparency, and the efficacy of the popular vote ; and, finally, the Ministry of the Public exists to oversee interests of State and of the municipalities.

Public values guarantee democratic participation, including freedoms of speech and association, and limits government power.

The long-standing service to Newport News, which operates 2 trains per day in each direction, has not been subject to either a subsidy or performance guarantee by the Department of Rail & Public Transportation ( DRPT ), Commonwealth of Virginia.

It is incorporated as an Australian Public Company, limited by guarantee.

It has also been observed that such a split would guarantee South Jersey a greater share of judgeships as well as new positions to which residents of the area would be appointed, such as court clerks, U. S. Attorney, U. S. Marshal and Federal Public Defender for the new Southern District.

In making this guarantee, Rutherford had not consulted government engineers in the department of Public Works about construction costs, relying instead on the A & GW's engineer.

A Money Bill means a Public Bill which in the opinion of the Speaker of the House of Commons contains only provisions dealing with all or any of the following subjects, namely, the imposition, repeal, remission, alteration, or regulation of taxation ; the imposition for the payment of debt or other financial purposes of charges on the Consolidated Fund, the National Loans Fund or on money provided by Parliament, or the variation or repeal of any such charges ; supply ; the appropriation, receipt, custody, issue or audit of accounts of public money ; the raising or guarantee of any loan or the repayment thereof ; or subordinate matters incidental to those subjects or any of them.

The new government was controlled by Polish Communists who had spent the war in the Soviet Union, aided by the Ministry of Public Security, and the Soviet " advisers " who were placed in every arm of the government as guarantee of the pro-Soviet policy of the state.