The Qanats, developed in ancient Persia in about 800 BCE, are among the oldest known irrigation methods still in use today.

Qanats are also called kārīz ( or kārēz from ) ( Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Central Asia, derived from ), kahan ( from ), khettara ( Morocco ); galería ( Spain ); falaj ( United Arab Emirates and Oman ); Kahn ( Baloch ) or foggara / fughara ( North Africa ).

Qanats are constructed as a series of well-like vertical shafts, connected by gently sloping tunnels.

Qanats are sometimes split into an underground distribution network of smaller canals called kariz.

The Qanats are called Karez in Dari ( Persian ) and Pashto and have been in use since the pre-Islamic period.

Qanats, locally known as karezes, are found more broadly in this region.

Qanats are named kahrezes in Armenian.

Some of the longest and oldest Qanats of the world are located in Gonabad.

Qanats of Uroune, Moun, Chahak and Shirin as registered in world heritage site ( administered by UNESCO ) are among these Qanats.

Qanats tap into subterranean water in a manner that efficiently delivers large quantities of water to the surface without need for pumping.

Qanats allow water to be transported over long distances in hot dry climates without losing a large proportion of the water to seepage and evaporation.

Qanats used in conjunction with a wind tower can provide cooling as well as a water supply.

Qanats were found over much of Syria.

Qanats have gone dry and been abandoned across the country.

Qanats have been preserved in Armenia in the community of Shvanidzor, in the southern province of Syunik, bordering with Iran.

Qanats in the Americas, usually referred to as filtration galleries, can be found in the Nazca region of Peru and in northern Chile.

* English, Paul Ward, The Origin and Spread of Qanats in the Old World, in Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol.

Algeria was designated as the Foreign Legion's home.

Giraud designated General Charles Mast as his representative in Algeria.

The alleged finding of human remains, designated San Geronimo, in 1853 afforded striking confirmation of an incident recorded by a Spanish Benedictine named Diego de Haëdo, who published a topography of Algeria in 1612.

In Figure 2, the points in the network are designated by a letter accompanied by a number.

With respect to other frequencies, these are designated as regional or local, and assigned for use by class 3, and class 4, stations, respectively, stations operating generally with lower power.

All information is carefully appraised and uncertain facts are designated by ( '?'.

With regard to historic properties ( those properties that are listed or that are eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, or properties designated as historic under State or local law ), those facilities must still comply with the provisions of Title III of the ADA to the " maximum extent feasible " but if following the usual standards would " threaten to destroy the historic significance of a feature of the building " then alternative standards may be used.

Some are willing to travel to the other designated areas, especially during slow periods of the day.

Among his epic poems, we possess the titles and some fragments of three pieces: the Fisherman, Kirka or Krika, which, however, is designated by Athenaeus as doubtful, and Helena, Of his elegies, some beautiful fragments are still extant.

Thus, it has a year 0, the years before that are designated with negative numbers and the years after that are designated with positive numbers.

Instruments used to measure smaller currents, in the milliampere or microampere range, are designated as milliammeters or microammeters.

If two justices are appointed on the same day, the older is designated the senior Justice of the two.

Guided buses are fitted with technology to allow them to run in designated guideways, allowing the controlled alignment at bus stops and less space taken up by guided lanes than conventional roads or bus lanes.

Guided buses are fitted with technology to allow them to run in designated guideways, allowing the controlled alignment at bus stops and less space taken up by guided lanes than conventional roads or bus lanes.

Particularly renowned are the architectural works of Antoni Gaudí and Lluís Domènech i Montaner, which have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

British Standards are the standards produced by BSI Group which is incorporated under a Royal Charter ( and which is formally designated as the National Standards Body ( NSB ) for the UK ).

Products and services which BSI certifies as having met the requirements of specific standards within designated schemes are awarded the Kitemark.

The list of benzodiazepines approved for the treatment of insomnia is fairly similar among most countries, but which benzodiazepines are officially designated as first-line hypnotics prescribed for the treatment of insomnia can vary distinctly between countries.

Compounds of californium are dominated by a chemical form of the element, designated californium ( III ), that can participate in three chemical bonds.

Many specific reactions in organic chemistry are name reactions designated after their discoverers.

Within each class, cytochrome a, b, or c, early cytochromes are numbered consecutively, e. g. cyt c, cyt c < sub > 1 </ sub >, and cyt c < sub > 2 </ sub >, with more recent examples designated by their reduced state R-band maximum, e. g. cyt c < sub > 559 </ sub >.

Carotenes are found in plants in two primary forms designated by characters from the Greek alphabet: alpha-carotene ( α-carotene ) and beta-carotene ( β-carotene ).

* Drives are made from a designated tee pad.

In addition, much of the lagoon waters are protected wetlands as a designated Ramsar site, and large parts of the island are nature preserves.