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Qasim, reluctant to tie himself too closely to Nasser ’ s Egypt-and warned by various groups within Iraq ( notably the communists ) that such an action would be dangerous-instead found himself echoing the views of his predecessor, Said, by adopting a wataniyah policy of ‘ Iraq First ’
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Qasim and reluctant
The Mughal camp was internally broken due to a quarrel between the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and Shuja-ud-Daula the Nawab of Awadh ; Mir Qasim was reluctant to engage the British and went off collecting tribute.
Qasim and himself
The genesis of Qasim ’ s elevation to ‘ Sole Leader ’ began with a schism between himself and his fellow conspirator Arif.
Their attempt to kill him, led by Saddam Hussein, failed while injuring Qasim, and the dictator reacted by aligning himself more with the communists and by suppressing the Baath and other nationalist parties.
However, with the party increasingly weak, al-Radi himself saw no alternative to a continued policy of critical support for Qasim, despite a renewed wave of repression in May 1962 following Communist-led demonstrations against the Kurdish war.
Qasim and too
But by 1960 and 1961, Qasim decided the communists had become too strong and he moved against them, purging communists from sensitive government positions, cracking down on trade unions and on peasant associations, and shutting down the communist press.
This empire, too, was wracked by civil war, and the semi-independent Astrakhan Khanate was established by Qasim I around 1466.
Qasim and Nasser
Said K. Aburish states reasons for this could have included Nasser's refusal to cooperate with and encourage the Iraqi Free Officers a year before the coup or Qasim viewed Nasser as a threat to his supremacy as leader of Iraq.
Meanwhile, Nasser began smuggling agents from Syria into Iraq and senior Iraqi army officers began asking for support in launching a coup against Qasim.
Already strained relations between Nasser and Qasim grew increasingly bitter, with the former considering the latter as unworthy and dependent on the USSR while Qasim looked down on Nasser's Arab nationalism, believing only an alliance with the USSR would help the Arabs succeed against Israel.
Arif capitalised upon his newfound position by partaking in a series of widely publicised public orations, during which he strongly advocated union with the UAR, making numerous positive references to Nasser, while remain noticeably less full of praise for Qasim.
The Iraqi monarchy, represented by King Feisal the Second, was toppled in 1958 in a bloody coup led by Abdel Karim Qasim, driven by months of intensive radio propaganda by Egyptian President Nasser ’ s Voice of the Arabs.
Qasim and ’
When all of them arrived in the courtyard they were told to turn towards the palace wall, and were all shot down by Captain Abdus Sattar As Sab ’ a member of the coup led by Colonel Abd al-Karim Qasim.
Qasim rewrote the constitution to encourage women ’ s participation in the society.
Qasim ’ s change of policy aggravated his relationship with Arif.
Arif ’ s criticism of Qasim became gradually more profound leading the latter to take steps to counter his potential rivalry.
On September 30 Qasim removed Arif ’ s status as Deputy Prime Minister and as Minister of the Interior.
Qasim attempted to remove Arif ’ s disruptive influence by offering him a role as Iraqi ambassador to West Germany in Bonn.
Ali attempted to foster support amongst officers who were unhappy at Qasim ’ s policy reversals.
Although relations between Qasim and the Kurds had initially proved successful, relations had deteriorated by 1961, with the Kurds becoming openly critical of Qasim ’ s regime.
Qasim ’ s response was to sanction a military campaign against Barzani ’ s peshmerga forces in September 1961.
This proved to be a grave mistake, as the anti-insurgency campaign become a drain upon Iraqi resources as well as further undermining Qasim ’ s esteem within the officer classes.
Qasim ’ s growing ties with the communists served to provoke rebellion in the northern Iraqi city of Mosul by Arab nationalists in charge of military units.
Although the rebellion was crushed by the military, it had a number of adverse effects that affected Qasim ’ s position.
The Ba ’ ath Party believed that the only way of halting the engulfing tide of communism was to assassinate Qasim.
Iraq ’ s foreign policy began to reflect this communist influence, as Qasim removed Iraq from the Baghdad Pact on March 24, and later fostered closer ties with the USSR, including extensive economic agreements.
The result of Qasim ’ s foreign policy blunders was to further weaken his position.
Qasim ’ s position was fatally weakened by 1962.
The Ba ’ ath Party was now able to plot Qasim ’ s removal.
* ibn Khordadbeh Abu ' l Qasim Ubaid ' Allah, al-Kitab al-Masalik w ’ al-Mamalik ( Livre des Routes et des Royaumes, الكتاب المسالك والممالك ), about 870.
Qasim and s
# The Persian historian Baladhuri, however, states that the new Khalifa was a political enemy of Umayyad ex-governor Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, Muhammad bin Qasim ’ s paternal uncle and thus persecuted all those who were considered close to Hajjaj.
Membership in this circle included such influential Iraqis as Mustafa Ali, Minister of Justice under Abd al-Karim Qasim, and Mahmoud Ahmad Al-Sayyid, considered Iraq ’ s first novelist.
Al-Bazzaz ’ s interest in the pan-Arab movement again put him in disagreement with the new government of Abd al-Karim Qasim ( 1958 – 1963 ).
Qasim Amin ( 1863-1908 ) was considered by many as the Arab world ’ s “ first feminist ”.
In May 2006, Emaar signed a MoU with Pakistan ’ s Port Qasim Authority for mixed use land development in Karachi.
Qasim and warned
In January 1963, they warned Qasim that plans were afoot for a nationalist coup.
Qasim and by
In 1958, a year after Saddam had joined the Ba ' ath party, army officers led by General Abd al-Karim Qasim overthrew Faisal II of Iraq in the 14 July Revolution.
In February 1960, the CIA created an unrelated plan to oust Qasim by giving him a poisoned handkerchief, although it may have been aborted.
They were challenged by the Zaidi Imam, Qasim the Great ( r. 1597 – 1620 ), and were expelled from the interior around 1630.
* After pirates plunder an Arab ship near the mouth of the Indus River, Arabs led by Muhammad bin Qasim invade India with 6, 000 horses, establishing a sultanate in Sindh.
Then, on 8 February 1963, a military coup led by a Ba ' athist-Nasserist alliance was staged in Iraq, toppling Qasim who was subsequently shot dead.
They were led by Abdel Karim Qasim and Luai al-Atassi, respectively.
The movement developed as a reaction to British colonialism in India, which was believed by a group of prominent Indian scholars consisting of Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi, Shah Rafi al-Din, Sayyid Muhammad Abid, Zulfiqar Ali, Fadhl al-Rahman Usmani and Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi to be corrupting the Islamic religion.
* Operation Dwarka, 1965, an Urdu drama based on the naval Operation Dwarka of 1965, directed by Qasim Jalali
Once on the throne Qasim proved increasingly independent in his actions, and he rebuilt Bengal's army by hiring European instructors and mercenaries who greatly improved the standard of his forces.
The new government was led by General Abdul Karim Qasim who withdrew from the Baghdad Pact, opened diplomatic relations with Soviet Union and adopted a non-aligned stance ; Iraq quit the organization shortly thereafter.
Only since the 1940s has a sustained scholarly attempt-by Mas ' ud Farzad, Qasim Ghani and others in Iran-been made to authenticate his work, and remove errors introduced by later copyists and censors.
On 14 July 1958, Qasim and his followers used troop movements planned by the government as an opportunity to seize military control of Baghdad and overthrow the monarchy.
The coup was discussed and planned by the Free Officers, but was mainly executed by Qasim and Col. Abdul Salam Arif.
For most of his tenure, Qasim sought to counterbalance the growing pan-Arab trend in the army by supporting the communists who controlled the streets.
Qasim is said by his admirers to have worked to improve the position of ordinary people in Iraq, after the long period of self-interested rule by a small elite under the monarchy which had resulted in widespread social unrest.
Qasim tried to maintain the political balance by using the traditional opponents of pan-Arabs, the right wing and nationalists.
Arif's pro-Nasserite sympathies were supported by the Baath Party, while Qasim found support for his anti-unification position in the ranks of the Iraqi Communist Party.
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