A limestone statue of the Bodhisattva, from the Northern Qi | Northern Qi Dynasty, AD 570, made in what is now modern Henan province.

Nevertheless, the ancient Chinese concept of Qi or chi is believed to be close to that of air.

Qi (; spelled qì in Pinyin romanization and ch ' i4 in Wade-Giles ) or ki ( in Japanese romanization ), is a fundamental concept of traditional Chinese culture.

For example, during a war between Qi and Lu in 684 BC, the effect of drum on soldier's morale is employed to change the result of a major battle.

It is said to have originated in China with the name Wu Zi Qi ( 五子棋 ).

However, this claim is dubious, considering that gunpowder warfare did not exist in China until the advent of the flamethrower ( Pen Huo Qi ) in the 10th century, while the land mine was not seen in China until the late 13th century.

Qi is frequently translated as life energy, life force, or energy flow.

Qi is the central underlying principle in traditional Chinese medicine and martial arts.

It is commonly known now only in " Eastern " metaphysical views where the primary concept of substance is Qi, or something similar, which persists through and beyond any given Form.

Qi is in a perpetual transformation between its condensed and diluted state.

In Chinese mythology, there is a love story of Qi Xi () in which Niu Lang (, Altair ) and his two children ( β and γ Aquilae ) are separated from their mother Zhi Nü (, lit.

* Significant to the history of agriculture, the Chinese author Jia Sixia wrote the treatise Qi Min Yao Shu in 535, and although it quotes 160 previous Chinese agronomy books, it is the oldest existent Chinese agriculture treatise.

The Northern state will have three competing dynasties — Northern Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Liang, while the Southern state is dominated by the Song ( or Liu Song ) Dynasty.

Wen Xuan Di is the first ruler of the Northern Qi Dynasty.

Emperor Shun Di is forced to abandon the throne and Qi Gao Di becomes the first ruler of Southern Qi.

He is succeeded by his brother Qi He Di who becomes emperor of Southern Qi ( China ).

* Future Emperor of Cao Wei, Cao Fang, is instated as the Prince of Qi.

Guzhu ( 孤竹國 ), located in what is now Tangshan, was formed by another remnant of the Shang, and was destroyed by Duke Huan of Qi.

* The short-lived Qi State is founded in northwest China.

The Sound of Harmony is decorated with inlays of 40 different woods, including the lid which replicates artwork by Chinese painter Shi Qi.

Yan Zhitui ( 顏之推 ) of the Northern Qi Dynasty believed that while the purpose of the míng was to distinguish one person from another, the zì should express the bearer's moral integrity.

Therefore, pressing, seizing, or striking these points with specific intent and at certain angles is believed to cause either a heightening or a diminishing of Qi circulation in the body.

In 586, the officials Liang Shiyan ( 梁士彥 ) the Duke of Cheng, Yuwen Xin ( 宇文忻 ) the Duke of Qi, and Liu Fang the Duke of Shu — all three of whom were friends of Emperor Wen but all of whom believed that they had been slighted by Emperor Wen — were accused of plotting rebellion, and all three were executed.

Due to this and other reasons, Qi believed Li's claim that Mao had affairs was a lie.

Observing Zhuge was defeated at Mount Qi, Cao Zhen believed the former would attack Chencang next time, so he ordered Hao Zhao and Wang Sheng to fortify that city.

The company so far has produced two films, The Women Knight of Mirror ( 竞雄女侠秋瑾 ) and The Years of Qi Xiao Fu ( 七小福之燃情岁月 ), which will be released later this year.

The merchant was sent to be reborn as Liu Qi ( 刘杞 ).

The Jurchens then invaded territories under the Han Chinese Northern Song Dynasty and overran most of northern China, first setting up puppet regimes like Qi and Chu, later directly ruling as a dynastic state in Northern China named Jin (" Gold ", not to be confused with the several Jin Dynasties named after the region around Shanxi and Henan ).

The struggle for hegemony eventually created a state system dominated by several large states, such as Jin, Chu, Qin and Qi, while the smaller states of the Central Plains tended to be their satellites and tributaries.

Qi allowed Han to be nearly defeated and then intervened.

Liu Bei recommended Liu Qi to be the new Inspector of Jing Province ( 荊州刺史 ) and led his men to capture the four commanderies south of the Yangtze River-Changsha, Lingling ( present day Yongzhou, Hunan ), Guiyang and Wuling ( 武陵 ).

in 492, in conformance with past dynasties ' tradition, Emperor Xiaowen demoted the many princes in the state, unless they were descendants of the dynasty founder Emperor Daowu, to the titles of duke, with two exceptions: Baba Guan ( 拔拔觀 ) the Prince of Shangdang, because of the great accomplishments of his grandfather Baba Daosheng ( 拔拔道生 ), was allowed to remain prince ; and the former Liu Song prince Liu Chang the Prince of Danyang, while having his own rank reduced to Duke of Qi Commandery, was given a special title, which appeared to be non-inheritable, of Prince of Song.

Bai Qi ordered the captured soldiers to be executed, presumably by being buried alive ; the local population was hostile to Qin rule and he was afraid the captured soldiers would revolt.

Qi once exclaimed in a poem that " How I wish to be born 300 years earlier so I could grind ink and prepare paper for Green Vine ( A Xu Wei pen name )" ( 恨不生三百年前 ， 為青藤磨墨理紙 ).

The traditional choice would be his elder son Liu Qi, yet he predicted ( correctly ) that his wife would favor Liu Cong, his second son.

What is known is that he was not his father Liu Bang's oldest son — that would be Liu Fei, who would later be created the Prince of Qi.

Rather, he favored his young son Liu Ruyi, whom he considered to be more like him and whose mother, Consort Qi, was his favorite concubine.

In 179 BC, after some hesitation ( during which he, apparently influenced by the theory of chanrang ( 禪讓 ), thought that maybe it would be more proper for him to find the wisest person in the empire and offer the throne to him, or that he should consider offering the throne to his uncle Liu Jiao ( 劉交 ), the Prince of Chu ; his cousin Liu Pi ( 劉濞 ), the Prince of Wu ; or his younger brother Liu Chang ( 劉長 ), the Prince of Huainan ), he created his oldest son Liu Qi the Crown Prince and Prince Qi's mother, Consort Dou, Empress.

Crown Prince Zhong would be the legitimate heir, but both the officials and the people hoped that Emperor Wu's capable brother, Sima You, the Prince of Qi, would inherit the throne instead.

In 221 BC, Qi was the last state of pre-Imperial China to be conquered by the State of Qin, which became the Qin Dynasty, the first centralized empire of China.

In 221 Qi was the last of the warring states to be conquered by Qin, thereby putting an end to the wars and uniting China under the Qin Dynasty.

Qi then suggested to Sima Wei to take the chance to kill Empress Jia's relatives and take over the government, but Sima Wei hesitated — and at the same time, Empress Jia came to the realization that killing Sima Liang and Wei, if it had been realized that she intended it, could bring a political firestorm and that also Sima Wei would not be easily controlled.

In 296, the Di and Qiang of Qin ( 秦州, modern eastern Gansu ) and Yong ( 雍州, modern central and northern Shaanxi ) started a major rebellion against Jin Dynasty, and they supported the Di chieftain Qi Wannian ( 齊萬年 ) to be emperor.

In the winter, Sun had the granddaughter of his distant relative and friend Sun Qi ( 孫旂 ), Yang Xianrong, married to Emperor Hui to be his empress.

Suspecting three key princes -- Sima Jiong the Prince of Qi ( Emperor Hui's cousin and the son of Emperor Hui's uncle, Prince You of Qi ), Sima Ying the Prince of Chengdu ( Emperor Hui's brother ), and Sima Yong the Prince of Hejian ( the grandson of Emperor Hui's great-granduncle Sima Fu the Prince of Anping ), each of whom had strong independent military commands — Sun sent his trusted subordinates to be their assistants.

Suspecting three key princes -- Sima Jiong the Prince of Qi ( Emperor Hui's cousin and the son of Emperor Hui's uncle, Prince You of Qi ), Sima Ying the Prince of Chengdu ( Emperor Hui's brother ), and Sima Yong the Prince of Hejian ( the grandson of Emperor Hui's great-granduncle Sima Fu the Prince of Anping ), each of whom had strong independent military commands — Sun sent his trusted subordinates to be their assistants.