In 1644, Koxinga studied at the Imperial Nanking University, where he met and became a student of the scholar Qian Qianyi.

** Qian Qianyi, Chinese poet and social historian ( born 1582 )

One example of poets who wrote during the difficult times of the late Ming, when the already troubled nation was ruled by Chongzhen Emperor ( reigned 1627 to 1644 ), the short-lived Dashun regime of peasant-rebel Li Zicheng, and then the Manchu Qing Dynasty are the so-called Three Masters of Jiangdong: Wu Weiye ( 1609 – 1671 ), Qian Qianyi ( 1582 – 1664 ), and Gong Dingzi ( 1615 – 1673 ).

** Qian Qianyi

Qian Qianyi

The antagonism to the classicist school would continue throughout the life and writings of Qian Qianyi himself.

Like Qian Qianyi himself, others of his circle were closely involved in education and the revival of the study of antiquity as the basis of learning.

Liu Rushi ( 1618 – 1664 ) was a famous courtesan in the late Ming dynasty who married Qian Qianyi at the age of 25.

# REDIRECT Qian Qianyi

Qian Qichen (; born January 5, 1928 in Jiading, Shanghai ) is a Chinese diplomat and communist political figure.

Zhi Qian (; fl.

Qian was born in Changshu county of Suzhou prefecture ( now in Jiangsu province ).

Qian also sent his cousin Qian Qiu ( 錢銶 ) to attack Su Prefecture ( 蘇州, in modern Suzhou, Jiangsu ), and Qian Qiu captured it in spring 888, allowing Qian Liu to control most of Zhenhai territory, which he largely held onto from this point on — resisting even an imperial attempt to take control of Su, by a failed assassination attempt against the imperially-commissioned prefect Du Ruxiu ( 杜孺休 ), which caused Du Ruxiu to flee and allowed Qian to retain control.

In ancient China, large canals for river transport were established as far back as the Warring States ( 481 – 221 BC ), the longest one of that period being the Hong Gou ( Canal of the Wild Geese ), which according to the ancient historian Sima Qian connected the old states of Song, Zhang, Chen, Cai, Cao, and Wei.

* 1911 – Qian Xuesen, Chinese scientist ( d. 2009 )

An example of such would be Qian Xuan ( 1235 – 1305 AD ), who was an official of the Song Dynasty, but out of patriotism, refused to serve the Yuan court and dedicated himself to painting.

* 1984 – Wu Qian, Chinese classical pianist

Zhang read many of the great works of history in his day and claimed he had found ten instances where the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian ( 145 – 90 BC ) and the Book of Han by Ban Gu ( AD 32 – 92 ) differed from other ancient texts that were available to him.

* Starting in the year 309 BC, the later Chinese historian Sima Qian ( 145 BC – 90 BC ) wrote that the Qin-employed engineer Bi Ling of the newly conquered State of Shu in Sichuan had the shoulder of a mountain cut through, making the ' Separated Hill ' that abated the Mo River, and excavated two canals in the plain of Chengdu.

The Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Tan ( d. 110 BCE ) and his son Sima Qian ( 145 – 86 BCE ) established the standard model for all of imperial China's Standard Histories, such as the Book of Han written by Ban Biao ( 3 – 54 CE ), his son Ban Gu ( 32 – 92 CE ), and his daughter Ban Zhao ( 45 – 116 CE ).

Zhang Qian taking leave from emperor Han Wudi, for his expedition to Central Asia from 138 to 126 BC, Mogao Caves mural, 618 – 712 AD.

The historian Sima Qian ( 145 – 90 BC ) dated it much earlier than the 4th century BC, attributing it to the work of Yu the Great ; modern scholars now consider it to belong to the 6th century BC ..

There was also the vivid and detailed works of art by Qian Xuan ( 1235 – 1305 ), who had served the Song court, and out of patriotism refused to serve the Mongols, instead turning to painting.

* Sima Qian ( old romanization Ssu-ma Chi ' en ; 2nd / 1st century BCE ): the first person to have practiced modern historiography – gathering and analyzing both primary and secondary sources in order to write his monumental history of the Chinese empire.

* Qian Zhongshu – one of the most famous writers of pre-Revolutionary China, wrote Fortress Besieged

138 – 126 BC: Zhang Qian travels west to Bactria and returns with first information on the Western Regions.

Sima Qian stated, based on preceding Chinese records ( Bamboo Annals ), that the Xiongnu's ruling clan were descendants of Chunwei ( 淳維 " Chun tribes "), possibly a son of Jie, the final ruler of the legendary Xia Dynasty ( c. 2070 – 1600 BC ).

According to historian Sima Qian ( 145 – 90 BC ), work on this mausoleum began in 246 BC soon after Emperor Qin ascended the throne ( then aged 13 ), and the full construction later involved 700, 000 workers.

* Qian Zhongshu ( 錢鍾書 ) ( 1910 – 1988 )

However, according to Joseph Needham, who wrote in 1954 on Sima Qian accounts of the kings of the Shang Dynasty ( c. 1600 – c.

* Zhang Qian – Chinese imperial envoy to Central Asia who helped establish the Silk Road.

The first systematic Chinese historical text, Shiji or Records of the Grand Historian, was written by Sima Qian.

Early reference to the Chinese export of ivory is recorded after the Chinese explorer Zhang Qian ventured to the west to form alliances to enable for the eventual free movement of Chinese goods to the west ; as early as the first century BC, ivory was moved along the Northern Silk Road for consumption by western nations.

Jean Joseph Marie Amiot ( Chinese: 錢德明, Pinyin: Qian Deming ; February 1718-October 9, 1793 ) was a French

Nonetheless, by joining the university's Philosophy and Journalism Societies, he was able to attend various lectures and seminars by the likes of Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, and Qian Xuantong, but various lecturers still treated him with contempt and refused to answer his questions.

According to Qian the important issue was not whether China had an aircraft carrier, but what it did with it.

Sima Qian was born and grew up in Longmen, near present-day Hancheng in a family of astrologers.

Due to intensive training by his father, by the age of ten, Sima Qian was already well versed in old writings.

In 110 BC, at the age of thirty-five, Sima Qian was sent westward on a military expedition against some " barbarian " tribes.

In Ancient China, Chinese world history, that of China and the surrounding people of East Asia, was based on the dynastic cycle articulated by Sima Qian in circa 100 BC.

Noted Han historian Sima Qian was scornful of such practices, dismissing them as foolish trickery.

Sima Qian relates that the dynasty itself was founded 13 generations later, when Xie's descendent Tang overthrew the impious and cruel final Xia ruler in the Battle of Mingtiao.

The Xia Dynasty was described in classic texts such as the Classic of History ( Shujing ), the Bamboo Annals, and the Records of the Grand Historian ( Shiji ) by Sima Qian.

The weakness of the Greco-Bactrian empire was shown by its sudden and complete overthrow, first by the Sakas, and then by the Yuezhi ( who later became known as Kushans ), who had conquered Bactria by the time of the visit of the Chinese envoy Zhang Qian ( circa 127 BC ), who had been sent by the Han emperor to investigate lands to the west of China.

By the time Zhang Qian visited Daxia, there was no longer a major king, and the Bactrian were suzerains to the nomadic Yuezhi, who were settled to the north of their territory beyond the Oxus ( Amu Darya ).

This came around 130 BC, with the embassies of the Han Dynasty to Central Asia, following the reports of the ambassador Zhang Qian ( who was originally sent to obtain an alliance with the Yuezhi against the Xiongnu ).

It was founded by Qian Liu, who set up his capital at Xifu ( modern-day Hangzhou ).

Qian Liu was named the Prince of Yue by the Tang emperor in 902 ; the Prince of Wu was added in 904.

However, his plan was foiled due to the steadfast leadership of the Ming commander in the capital, Gen. Yu Qian.

The existence of the early Kingdom of Shu was poorly recorded in the main historical records of China, it was however referred to in the Han Dynasty text Shiji by Sima Qian as an ally of the Zhou who defeated the Shang.

Sima Qian, the famous Chinese historian, was castrated by order of the Han Emperor of China for dissent.

The movie was written by Isaac Cronin and Wayne Wang, directed by Wang and dedicated to Wong Cheen ( or Wong Ch ' ien or Hwang Qian ).