Received Pronunciation ( RP ) refers to a way of pronouncing Standard English that is actually used by about two percent of the UK population.

Received Pronunciation ( RP ) is generally viewed as a 19th century development and is not reflected in North American English dialects, which are based on 18th century English.

This example, in slightly different guises, is important in algebraic geometry, topology and projective geometry where it may be denoted variously by PG ( 2, R ), RP < sup > 2 </ sup >, or P < sub > 2 </ sub >( R ) among other notations.

Received Pronunciation ( RP ) is the standard accent of Standard English in Great Britain, with a relationship to regional accents similar to the relationship in other European languages between their standard varieties and their regional forms.

RP is defined in the Concise Oxford Dictionary as " the standard accent of English as spoken in the south of England ", although some have argued that it can be heard from native speakers throughout England and Wales.

Although there is nothing intrinsic about RP that marks it as superior to any other variety, sociolinguistic factors have given Received Pronunciation particular prestige in parts of Britain.

However, since the 1960s, a greater permissiveness towards allowing regional English varieties has taken hold in education and the media in Britain ; in some contexts conservative RP is now perceived negatively.

The study of RP is concerned exclusively with pronunciation, while study of the standard language is also concerned with matters such as grammar, vocabulary and style.

RP is an accent ( a form of pronunciation ) and a register, rather than a dialect ( a form of vocabulary and grammar as well as pronunciation ).

Anyone using RP will typically speak Standard English although the reverse is not necessarily true ( e. g. the standard language may be pronounced with a regional accent, such as a Scottish or Yorkshire Accent ; but it is very unlikely that someone speaking RP would use it to speak the Scots or the Yorkshire Dialect ).

RP is often believed to be based on the Southern accents of England, but it actually has most in common with the Early Modern English dialects of the East Midlands.

Beverley Collins and Inger Mees use the phrase " Non-Regional Pronunciation " for what is often otherwise called RP, and reserve the phrase " Received Pronunciation " for the " upper-class speech of the twentieth century ".

: Standard Southern British ( where ' Standard ' should not be taken as implying a value judgment of ' correctness ') is the modern equivalent of what has been called ' Received Pronunciation ' (' RP ').

Faced with the difficulty of defining RP, many writers have tried to distinguish between different sub-varieties: A. C. Gimson in earlier editions of his book proposed Conservative, General, and Advanced ; Conservative RP refers to a traditional accent associated with older speakers with certain social backgrounds ; General RP is often considered neutral regarding age, occupation, or lifestyle of the speaker ; and Advanced RP refers to speech of a younger generation of speakers.

The modern style of RP is an accent often taught to non-native speakers learning British English.

* developmental non-rhotic ars ( often called lisps ): Many non-rhotic British speakers have a labialization to of their ars, which is between idosyncratic and dialectal ( southern and southwestern England ), and since it includes some RP speakers, somewhat prestigious.

London are often aspirated in intervocalic and final environments, e. g., upper, utter, rocker, up, out, rock, where RP is traditionally described as having the unaspirated variants.

Also, in broad Cockney at least, the degree of aspiration is typically greater than in RP, and may often also involve some degree of affrication.

RP is a hereditary disease that causes a continual loss of peripheral vision and often leads to total blindness.

# The distinction between and, often known as the Foot – strut split is maintained ; the quality of (' strut ') is more back and close than that of RP / BBC.

* Where RP / BBC has the rounded LOT vowel in words containing the spellings ' f ', ' ff ', ' gh ' or ' th ' ( such as ' often ', ' off ', ' cough ', ' trough ' and ' cloth '), Norfolk may have as in the vowel of THOUGHT.

* English " hamster " often pronounced with an added " p " sound, GA: or RP:

* English " warmth " often pronounced with an added " p " sound, GA: or RP:

Some words with in RP can have – book is often pronounced in Northern accents, while some conservative accents also pronounce look as.

The long vowels, which include monophthongs and diphthongs, mostly correspond to the tense vowels used in analyses of Received Pronunciation ( RP ) as well as its centring diphthongs.

Some linguists have used the term RP but expressed reservations about its suitability.

This classifying map can be used to define the Stiefel-Whitney class of L, in the first cohomology of X with Z / 2Z coefficients, from a standard class on RP < sup >∞</ sup >.

An updated version of SMPTE color bars, developed by the Japanese Association of Radio Industry and Businesses as ARIB STD-B28 and standardized as SMPTE RP 219-2002, is used to test both 4 × 3 standard definition and 16 × 9 high-definition video signals.

RP can also be used to create a sorted list of winners.

RP can also be used to create a sorted list of preferred candidates.

He was generally used by Pakistan from the 13th over onwards and finished the tournament with 13 wickets, making him the leading wicket taker ahead of Shahid Afridi and RP Singh.

However the team was more commonly known as the RP, the acronym for the country's official name, Republika ng Pilipinas, which the local press used when they referred to the team as the " RP Booters " or the " RP XI ".

The long vowels, which include monophthongs and diphthongs, mostly correspond to the tense vowels used in analyses of Received Pronunciation ( RP ) as well as its centring diphthongs.

Republic County ( standard abbreviation: RP ) is a county located in the state of Kansas.

General American, like British Received Pronunciation ( RP ) and most standard language varieties of many other societies, has never been the accent of the entire nation.

The main characteristics of the accent are set out below, usually with reference to the standard English accent known as Received Pronunciation or BBC Pronunciation ( henceforth abbreviated as RP / BBC ).

Reader Protocol ( RP ) is an interface standard specifying the interactions between a device capable of reading / writing tags and application software.

He was a pupil and colleague of Daniel Jones, and is known for having updated and extended Jones ’ s description of standard British English pronunciation ( Received Pronunciation, or RP ).

In many Germanic languages, such as RP English, standard German, and Dutch, tense vowels are longer in duration than lax vowels ; but in other languages, such as Scots, Scottish English, and Icelandic, there is no such correlation.

The first standard, RP 5. 1 Instrument Flow Plan Symbols, followed in 1949, and the first journal, which eventually became today ’ s InTech magazine, was published in 1954.

In the first edition of the English Pronouncing Dictionary ( 1917 ) he named the accent " Public School Pronunciation ", but for the second edition in 1926 he wrote " In what follows I call it Received Pronunciation ( abbreviation RP ), for want of a better term.

The Prime Minister and his ministers take the following pledge before the President of the RP: " Accepting the post of the Prime Minister I solemnly swear that I will faithfully follow the articles of the Constitution and other laws of the Republic of Poland, as well as the good of the Fatherland, and for me the well-being of its citizens will always be the supreme directive.

In complexity theory, RP (" randomized polynomial time ") is the complexity class of problems for which a probabilistic Turing machine exists with these properties:

The classes NP, RP and ZPP are sets which have witnesses for membership.

By selecting the witness as a random string, the verifier is a probabilistic polynomial-time Turing Machine whose probability of accepting x when x is in X is large ( greater than 1 / 2, say ), but zero if x is not in X ( for RP ); of rejecting x when x is not in X is large but zero if x is in X ( for co-RP ); and of correctly accepting or rejecting x as a member of X is large, but zero of incorrectly accepting or rejecting x ( for ZPP ).

* L-vocalization, i. e., the use of,, or where RP uses in the final positions or in a final consonant cluster, for example whole ( pronounced ).

It is also diffeomorphic to the real 3-dimensional projective space RP < sup > 3 </ sup >, so the latter can also serve as a topological model for the rotation group.

In the table RP stands for relative pronoun and PP for personal pronoun.

In 2011 the property surrounding Fallen Leaf Lake was purchased from Koch RP Holdings I, LLC by the City of Camas, Washington for use as a City Park.

* Use of instead of for the "- ed " ending of the past tense after voiceless consonants, for example " developed " may be instead of RP.

The best-known activity of the NMRA is the defining of standards, and advisory documents known as Recommended Practices ( RP ), for model railroad equipment.

Even in the age of modern communications and mass media, according to one study, "… although the Received Pronunciation of Standard English has been heard constantly on radio and then television for over 60 years, only 3 to 5 % of the population of Britain actually speaks RP … new brands of English have been springing up even in recent times ...." What the vernacular would be in this case is a moot point: "… the standardisation of English has been in progress for many centuries.

Moreover, there is no fully polynomial randomized approximation scheme for # 2SAT unless NP = RP and this even holds when the input is restricted to monotone 2-CNF formulas, i. e., 2-CNF formulas in which each literal is a positive occurrence of a variable.

A repurchase agreement, also known as a repo, RP, or sale and repurchase agreement, is the sale of securities together with an agreement for the seller to buy back the securities at a later date.

Namely the class RP consists of all decision problems for which a randomized polynomial-time algorithm exists that always answers correctly when the correct answer is " no ", but is allowed to be wrong with a certain probability bounded away from one when the answer is " yes ".

In descriptive statistics and chaos theory, a recurrence plot ( RP ) is a plot showing, for a given moment in time, the times at which a phase space trajectory visits roughly the same area in the phase space.