Among well known ( generally non-kabbalist or anti-kabbalist ) Rabbis who rejected the idea of reincarnation are Saadia Gaon, David Kimhi, Hasdai Crescas, Yedayah Bedershi ( early 14th century ), Joseph Albo, Abraham ibn Daud, the Rosh and Leon de Modena.

Although most congregations hire one or more Rabbis, the use of a professional hazzan is generally declining in American congregations, and the use of professionals for other offices is rarer still.

Additionally, whereas the Modern Orthodox position is ( generally ) presented as " unquestioned allegiance to the primacy of Torah, and that the apprehension of all other intellectual disciplines must be rooted and viewed through the prism of Torah ", Haredi groups have sometimes compared Modern Orthodoxy with early Reform Judaism in Germany: Modern Orthodox Rabbis have been criticised for attempting to modify Jewish law, in adapting Judaism to the needs of the modern world.

That being said, Sephardic and Mizrachi Rabbis tend to hold different, and generally more lenient, positions on halacha than their Ashkenazi counterparts, but since these positions are based on rulings of Talmudic scholars as well as well documented traditions that can be linked back to well known codifiers of Jewish law, Ashkenazi and Hasidic Rabbis do not believe that these positions are incorrect, but rather that they are the appropriate interpretation of halacha for Jews of Sephardic and Mizrachi descent.

In Orthodox Judaism, opinion is generally split between a view that maintains that those Biblical rules related to ritual purity that are possible to observe in the absence of a Temple and a Red heifer remain in force and Jews remain Biblically obligated to observe such of them as they can, and a view that Biblical ritual impurity requirements apply only in the presence of a Temple in Jerusalem and the current rules represent only rabbinic ordinances, practices decreed by the Rabbis in memory of the Temple.

Note, however, that " the Kitzur " is not generally used as a basis for making Halakhic decisions ; rather, Rabbis will use the Shulchan Aruch ( including the various commentaries ), or later works such as Mishnah Berurah or Kaf HaChaim.

Since many Rabbis where referred to as Maharam, an addition, usually a name of a place or a surname is generally used to differentiate between them.

However, there is no general prohibition against drugs in Judaism, as long as they don't interfere with one's ritual duties and don't cause definite harm, though most Rabbis generally prohibit drugs, in order to avoid social, legal and medical problems in their community.

In 1990 the Central Conference of American Rabbis ( CCAR ) officially endorsed a report of their committee on homosexuality and rabbis.

Rabbis ordained by Jewish Theological Seminary of America, the Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies at the American Jewish University ( California ), The Seminario Rabínico Latinoamericano ( Buenos Aires, Argentina ) and The Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies ( Jerusalem, Israel ) automatically become members of the RA upon their ordination.

The Rabbis in Israel also collected their traditions and compiled them into the Jerusalem Talmud.

Ideally, a local Judenrat was to include Rabbis and other influential people of their local Jewish community.

A decade before, the Bishop of Speyer had taken the step of providing the Jews of that city with a guarded quarter to protect them from Christian violence and given their chief Rabbis the control of judicial matters in the quarter.

The Ben Ish Chai, Kaf Ha ' Chaim, and much more recently, the Yalkut Yosef are similar works by Sephardic Rabbis for their communities.

Even so, klezmorim — along with other entertainers — were typically looked down on by Rabbis because of their secular traveling lifestyle.

Degel HaTorahs pre-eminent sages and guides are presently Rabbis Yosef Shalom Eliashiv and Aharon Shteinman, both well into their nineties.

The Rabbis decreed ( against Essene practice, and against advice given in the New Testament ) that one should not give away much, most or all of their possessions.

In 2011 the Award was presented to Rabbi Ehud Bandel & Rabbi Arik Ascherman for their leadership of Rabbis for Human Rights and its nonviolent resistance to the persecution of Palestinians in the occupied territories.

In response to a letter from the Rabbis of Lunel, France requesting him to translate his Guide of the Perplexed from Arabic to Hebrew, Maimonides applauded their piety in light of what he viewed as the general stagnation of religiosity throughout the rest of the Jewish world.

Modern scholarship on the Talmud has a spectrum of views from Joseph Klausner, R. Travers Herford and Peter Schäfer who see some traces of a historical Jesus in the Talmud, to the views of Johann Maier, and Jacob Neusner who consider that there are little or no historical traces and texts have been applied to Jesus in later editing, and others such as Boyarin ( 1999 ) who argue that Jesus in the Talmud is a literary device used by Rabbis to comment on their relationship to and with early Christians.

Dr. Boyarin considers the text to be an acknowledgment that Rabbis often interacted with Christians, despite their doctrinal antipathy.

Dr. Boyarin considers the text to be an acknowledgment that Rabbis often interacted with Christians, despite their doctrinal antipathy.

And in any case it is known that the Rabbis who preceded me were subordinate to their Ashkenazi counterparts, the Gaon Rabbi Benzion Uziel Z " l was subordinate to the Gaon Rabbi Avraham Yitzhak Kook ZT " L ... and the Gaon Rabbi Yaakov Moshe Toledano Z " l in his capacity as Chief Rabbi of Tel Aviv-Jaffa could not even raise his head towards his colleague, may he be chosen for a good life, the Gaon Rabbi Isser Yehuda Unterman Shlit " a and to disagree with him on Halakha ...

We pray for Zion, for Jerusalem and its inhabitants, for Israel and the Rabbis and their students.

In the past, Rabbis often rejected potential converts three times, and if they remained adamant in their desire to convert, they would then allow them to begin the process.

In the Talmud, the Zealots are the non-religious ( not following the religious leaders ), and are also called the Biryonim ( בריונים ) meaning " boorish ", " wild ", or " ruffians ", and are condemned for their aggression, their unwillingness to compromise to save the survivors of besieged Jerusalem, and their blind militarism against the Rabbis ' opinion to seek treaties for peace.

They are dark-skinned ... and one could not tell whether they keep the teaching of the Karaites, or of the Rabbis, for some of their practices resemble the Karaite teaching ... but in other things they appear to follow the instruction of the Rabbis ; and they say they are related to the tribe of Dan.

This is done to accommodate the variant opinions of the medieval Rabbis Rashi and Rabbeinu Tam as to whether it should be placed horizontally or vertically, and also to imply that God and the Torah ( which the mezuzah symbolizes ) are entering the room.

** Takkanah: " positive legislation ", practices instituted by the Rabbis not based ( directly ) on the commandments

* Takkanah: " positive legislation ", practices instituted by the Rabbis not based ( directly ) on the commandments

Rabbis may rule that a Torah mitzvah should not be performed, e. g. blowing the shofar on Shabbat, or taking the lulav and etrog on Shabbat.

Further he suggested that the Rabbis have long regarded the punishment declared by the Torah as immoral, and came to the conclusion that no court should agree to hear testimony on " mamzerut ".

Rabbis expounded on and debated the Tanakh ( Hebrew: ת ַּ נ ַ" ך ְ‎), the Hebrew Bible, without the benefit of written works ( other than the Biblical books themselves ), though some may have made private notes (), for example of court decisions.

* Sifre on Numbers and Deuteronomy, going back mainly to the schools of the same two Rabbis.

As a group of Reform Rabbis convened in Braunschweig, Rabbi Jacob Ettlinger of Altona published a manifest in German and Hebrew " Shlomei Emunei Yisrael " having 177 Rabbis signing on.

* Gender, Halakhaha and Women's Suffrage: Responsa of the First Three Chief Rabbis on the Public Role of Women in the Jewish State, Ellenson, David Harry.

Samuel is also treated by the Classical Rabbis as a much more sympathetic character than he appears at face value in the Bible ; his annual circuit is explained as being due to his wish to spare people the task of having to journey to him ; Samuel is said to have been very rich, taking his entire household with him on the circuit so that he didn't need to impose himself on anyone's hospitality ; when Saul fell out of God's favour, Samuel is described as having grieved copiously and having prematurely aged.

The Tosafot are collected commentaries by various medieval Ashkenazic Rabbis on the Talmud ( known as Tosafists ).

The Rabbis, playing on the name Balaam, call him " Belo ' Am " ( without people ; that is, without a share with the people in the world to come ), or " Billa ' ' Am " ( one that ruined a people ); and this hostility against his memory finds its climax in the dictum that whenever one discovers a feature of wickedness or disgrace in his life, one should preach about it ( Sanh.

A small number of modern Orthodox rabbis cooperate with non-Orthodox rabbis on a regular basis through smaller organizations such as CLAL ( The National Jewish Center for Learning and Leadership ) and the New York Board of Rabbis.

The Conservative movement, while respecting the validity of Orthodox Rabbis, believes that Orthodoxy has deviated from historical Judaism through an insistence on the halachic principle of binding legal precedent, in particular with respect to relatively recent codifications of Jewish law.

Note: Focus on attitudes of Rabbis Hatam Sofer, Jacob Ettlinger, Samson Raphael Hirsch, and Seligmann Bamberger.

Thus, as the Pharisees argued that all Israel should act as priests, the Rabbis argued that all Israel should act as rabbis: " The rabbis furthermore want to transform the entire Jewish community into an academy where the whole Torah is studied and kept .... redemption depends on the " rabbinization " of all Israel, that is, upon the attainment of all Jewry of a full and complete embodiment of revelation or Torah, thus achieving a perfect replica of heaven.

On December 6, 2006, the law committee accepted a paper by Rabbis Elliot Dorff, Daniel Nevins and Avram Reisner on same-sex marriage and ordination of homosexual rabbis, while it upheld the biblical prohibition on male intercourse.

* The Long Island Board of Rabbis, an organization of Conservative, Orthodox, Reform, and Reconstructionist rabbis on Long Island, has had its headquarters in Deer Park.

Zundel Salant was a student of Rabbis Chaim Volozhin and Akiva Eiger whose profoundly good-hearted and humble behavior and simple lifestyle attracted Yisrael Salanter's interest, and Zundel Salant allegedly urged Salanter to focus himself on Musar.