Rail fins enable high-performance surfing, and are most often " single-foiled ," with one flat side and one " foiled " side, as seen on an airfoil, for greater lift.

Rail fins are often seen in addition to a central fin, but can be used without a central fin as well.

Rail fins also add lift ( known as " drive ") in trim and with greater holding ability, enable steeper wave faces to be ridden and higher speed " down the line.

Rail fins are typically " toed-in ," that is, the leading edge of the fins are oriented toward the centerline of the surfboard, which decreases the angle of attack in trim, which makes it easier to initiate turns.

Rail fins also typically have some degree of " cant ," that is, are tilted out toward the rail they are adjacent to.

Rail fins evolved into being and surged into popularity as riders ( Simon Anderson, most famously ) sought a solution to two major performance issues of a central " single " fin-both related to engagement of the foil: For one, a centrally-mounted fin is tilted up out of the water as the board is leaned over, and thus it loses more and more of its lift as the lean angle increases-if the lean angle is acute enough, the fin's tip can be the only area left in the water ; the tip may then rapidly stall and, having lost its lift, become disengaged from the water, leaving the board's bottom as the only control surface still operating.

The national passenger and freight operator is called Bulgarian State Railways, but there are also a number of private operators including Bulgarian Railway Company and DB Schenker Rail Bulgaria.

Most of the railway track is managed by Network Rail, which as of 2010 had a network of of standard-gauge lines, of which are electrified.

Although passengers rarely have cause to refer to either document, all travel is subject to the National Rail Conditions of Carriage and all tickets are valid subject to the rules set out in a number of so-called technical manuals, which are centrally produced for the network.

Rail transport is fairly developed, with dual track and electrification not very common, although high-speed tilting trains are used on some routes.

Rail operations are provided by one state owned operator and several private operators ( mainly for sugar mills ):

The ten lines are the East Rail, Kwun Tong, Tsuen Wan, Island, Tung Chung, Tseung Kwan O, West Rail, Ma On Shan, the Airport Express and the Disneyland Resort lines.

A portion of the Cape Cod Rail Trail, as well as several other bicycle routes, are in town.

Ireland's railways are in State ownership, with Iarnród Éireann ( Irish Rail ) operating services in the Republic and NI Railways operating services in Northern Ireland.

The re-opening of the Navan-Clonsilla rail link and the Western Rail Corridor are amongst future projects as part of the same plan.

These locomotives are operated by Pacific National in Rail transport in Australia | Australia.

Relatively inexpensive elevated Light Rail Transit systems are used in some cities, such as Kuala Lumpur.

Most major Network Rail lines carry freight traffic and some lines are freight only.

There are some scheduled passenger services on their own privately managed, non-Network Rail lines, for example Heathrow Express which also partly runs on Network Rail and the London Underground also overlaps with Network Rail in places.

Several conurbations have their own metro or tram systems, most of which are not part of National Rail.

Although TOCs compete against each other for franchises, and for passengers on routes where more than one TOC operates, the strapline used with the National Rail logo is ' Britain's train companies working together '.

Rail transport is operated by SJ, DSBFirst, Green Cargo, Tågkompaniet and more.

A New York Times investigation in 2008 showed that more than 90 % of Long Island Rail Road employees who had retired since 2000 were receiving disability payments from the federal Railroad Retirement Board, collectively totalling more than $ 250, 000, 000 over 8 years.

The concept had been tested by the formation of Pilbara Rail in 2001, which generated more than $ 16 million in savings.

The signalling is being replaced with a more modern ATO system from Westinghouse Rail Systems.

The cemetery was disturbed again by the construction, in 2002 – 2003, of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, but much more care was given to the removal of remains than was the case in the 19th century.

These are more formally known as an air-rail alliance, but more commonly known as " Rail & Fly " due to the popularity of the Deutsche Bahn codeshare with many airlines.

The racial makeup of Rail Road Flat was 411 ( 86. 5 %) White, 0 ( 0. 0 %) African American, 15 ( 3. 2 %) Native American, 4 ( 0. 8 %) Asian, 2 ( 0. 4 %) Pacific Islander, 9 ( 1. 9 %) from other races, and 34 ( 7. 2 %) from two or more races.

Groundbreaking for the Rail Trail was held on October 9, 2007 after more than 20 years of planning and design.

Despite being an eventual success, the project was scrapped by British Rail in 1985 more for political reasons than technical.

Re-zoning encouraged new construction on former industrial sites on the waterfront and the traditionally more impoverished low-lying west side of the city where, in concert with Hudson-Bergen Light Rail and New Jersey State land-use policy, transit villages are now being promoted.

North Hempstead became more affluent with the opening of the Long Island Rail Road through to Great Neck, and the inauguration of steamboat service from Manhattan in 1836.

Rail workers for lines like the Northern Pacific Railroad and the Cedar River Watershed, closed off by the City of Seattle, meant more workers for those things.

Formerly a farming village, Acomb expanded over the centuries to become a dormitory area for workers in heavy industry, such as Rail Engineering, in the 19th and 20th centuries and more recently for a more diverse workforce.

Mr. Ferguson boarded the third car of the east-bound Long Island Rail Road ( LIRR ) commuter train from Penn Station to Hicksville, along with more than 80 other passengers.

The Long Island Rail Road and Metro-North Commuter Railroad placed more officers on trains and increased the visibility of police in response to the shootings.

A more successful new service with Rail Partnership Funding was introduced on 29 September 2002 from Norwich to Cambridge.

In 2005 Network Rail was reported to have long-term aspirations to redevelop the station, removing the 1960s buildings and providing a great deal more commercial space by utilising the " air rights " above the platforms.

In 1983, having obtained more funding and outgrown its former site, it moved and is now located on Castlefield, near the site of the original Roman fort in Manchester ( Mamucium ); it incorporates Liverpool Road Station ( vacated by British Rail in 1975 ), one of the original termini of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, the world's first passenger railway.

The pilots, departing out of the former Runway 27R ( now 26L ) attempted to recover but the aircraft stalled and crashed onto a field adjacent the Miami City Rail Yard less than a mile from the airport.

Rail transport is less vulnerable, with disruptions mainly caused by reduction in visibility.

* Rail boost ( e. g. 270 m / s at 3000 m on a mountain allowing 35 % less SSTO takeoff mass for a given payload in one NASA study )

Rail carriers with less than $ 20 million in revenue remained in Class III.

On 1 July 2008, almost 15 years after his National-led Government sold New Zealand Rail Ltd, the Labour-led Government repurchased its successor Toll NZ Ltd ( less its Tranz Link trucking and distribution arm ), having repurchased the track network in 2003.

While the MFL option involves less walking, the Regional Rail option is free for anyone holding Amtrak tickets ( even though tickets are not normally lifted between the 3 Center City Regional Rail stations anyway ).

In an interview on Limerick's Live 95 fm on April 18th 2011, Kay McGuinness Chairperson of Shannon Foynes Port Company said that they are confident that the rail link could be reopened for € 7 million, which was considerably less than initially quoted price of € 30 million by Irish Rail following the involvement of consultants and it was now a do-able project.

The tunnel was eventually completed more than 20 years later, and as with the Fréjus Rail Tunnel, by using less ambitious methods.

First Group operated less than five ; additionally, some work at industrial sidings-two for Foster Yeoman, one for Mendip Rail, one for Corus, one at ICI Wilton, two for English China Clays, amongst others.

One of the reasons cited by Tranz Rail for these policies was the cost of using road transport to the company was less than that of using rail, because the road infrastructure is provided as a public good, whereas the rail network was a private good.

Although on paper the Class 57 / 0 has 2, 500 Horsepower, 250 Horsepower less than a Class 57 / 3, the Class 57 / 0s were able to keep the timings allocated to the Colas Rail timber trains by Network Rail.

For this purpose, an interchange discount system was launched with the introduction of the West Rail Line system, meaning that passengers would pay no more ( and in some cases less ) to travel on West Rail Line instead of the LRT for the main part of their journey.

One of the reasons often cited for these policies was the cost of using road transport to Tranz Rail was less than that of using rail, because the road infrastructure is provided as a public good, whereas the rail network was a private good.

In an interview on Limerick's Live 95 fm on April 18, 2011, Kay McGuinness Chairperson of Shannon Foynes Port Company said that they are confident that the rail link could be reopened for € 7 million, which was considerably less than initially quoted price of € 30 million by Irish Rail following the involvement of consultants and it was now a do-able project.

This makes it very versatile, although the diesel engine produces less power than is available from the third-rail supply so the locomotives rarely stray from the former Southern Region of British Rail.

These power units appeared in the late 1950s ' British Railways ( BR ) designs pre-TOPS British Rail Class D3 / 1 ( later D3 / 4 ), and later designated Class 21, Class 22, Class 41, Class 43 ( Warship ) and Class 251 ( Blue Pullman ) None of these were particularly successful: constructional shortcomings with the MAN engines made them far less reliable than German-built examples.

Rail advocates fear that access to the new station would be less convenient, resulting in decreased ridership that would " threaten the train's existence.

British Rail was able to charge a 45 % margin on basic costs in 1989 for coal transportation prior to the privatisation of the electricity industry, after which less profitable contracts were negotiated ; post 1990 up to 1994 the sector undertook further exercises to increase profitability ; discrimitary pricing was employed-approximately 10million tonnes of unprofitable freight had been identified, of which 70 % was retained under new working conditions and pricing arrangements, the remaining 3 million tonnes was lost-much of it freight transport for the cement industry.

The use of Grand Junction for Commuter Rail service could meet some of the needs to be provided by an expanded South Station, at much lower cost and with much less time and complexity.

Rail advocates fear that access to the new station would be less convenient, resulting in decreased ridership that would " threaten the train's existence.

It was the first ever match played under the new points system for the National Leagues and Northern Rail Cup where teams would gain 3 points for a win, 2 for a draw and 1 for a defeat by less than 12 points.