The Tamil / Malayali name Ramachandran can refer to:

16 May 2009 < http :// www. dpd. cdc. gov / dpdx / HTML / Balantidiasis. htm >.</ ref >< ref name =" Ramachandran_Intro "> Ramachandran, Ambili.

" Rohit Ramachandran of nowrunning. com rated it 2. 5 / 5 stating that " Kandaen is a romantic comedy without a heartbeat but enough pulse to crack you up.

18 </ sup > Ramachandran has suggested that the evolution of language is the result of three types of non-arbitrary mappings: between sounds and visual shapes ( the bouba-kiki effect ), sensory-to-motor synesthesia, and motor-to-motor synesthesia ( or " synkinesia ").< sup > p.

The secondary structure may be also defined based on the regular pattern of backbone dihedral angles in a particular region of the Ramachandran plot ; thus, a segment of residues with such dihedral angles may be called a helix, regardless of whether it has the correct hydrogen bonds.

Additionally, based on their model and the specific responses of the patient they examined ( a Brazilian man who had sustained a head injury in a traffic accident ), Ramachandran and Hirstein proposed a general theory of memory formation.

The controversial film, in which Mohanlal depicted an actor who turns politician ( based on M. G. Ramachandran ), was a critical success and won many awards including Best Film award at the Belgrade International Film Festival and two National Film Awards.

The first Ramachandran plot was calculated just after the first protein structure at atomic resolution was determined ( myoglobin, in 1960 ), although the conclusions were based on small-molecule crystallography of short peptides.

It has been hypothesized that the portion of the brain responsible for processing stimulation from amputated limbs, being deprived of input, expands into the surrounding brain, ( Phantoms in the Brain: V. S. Ramachandran and Sandra Blakeslee ) such that an individual who has had an arm amputated will experience unexplained pressure or movement on his face or head.

Since that time, many prominent scholars, including Nobel laureates Crick, Pauling, Rich and Yonath, and others, including Brodsky, Berman, and Ramachandran, concentrated on the conformation of the collagen monomer.

A public memorial was held on 27 September 2004 at the Salk Institute, La Jolla, near San Diego, California ; guest speakers included James D. Watson, Sydney Brenner, Alex Rich, Seymour Benzer, Aaron Klug, Christof Koch, Pat Churchland, Vilayanur Ramachandran, Tomaso Poggio, Leslie Orgel, Terry Sejnowski, his son Michael Crick, and his youngest daughter Jacqueline Nichols.

He was cremated with full state honors at sunset the following day ; the last rites were performed by his nephew Dr. P. V. Ramachandran, at Ekta sthal on the banks of the River Yamuna ( adjacent to Shanti van, the memorial of his mentor Jawaharlal Nehru ).

In 1997, William Hirstein and Vilayanur S. Ramachandran reported similar findings in a paper published on a single case of a patient with Capgras delusion after brain injury.

Ramachandran and colleagues illustrated this theory by showing that stroking different parts of the face led to perceptions of being touched on different parts of the missing limb.

Ramachandran is noted for his use of experimental methods that rely relatively little on complex technologies such as neuroimaging.

While a graduate student at Cambridge Ramachandran also collaborated on research projects with faculty at Oxford, including David Whitteridge of the Physiology Department.

Ramachandran is best known for his work on syndromes such as phantom limbs, body integrity identity disorder, and Capgras delusion.

Ramachandran ’ s early research was on human visual perception using psychophysical methods to draw clear inferences about the brain mechanisms underlying visual processing.

Building on earlier work by Ronald Melzack ( McGill University ) and Timothy Pons ( NIMH ), Ramachandran theorized that there was a link between the phenomenon of phantom limbs and neural plasticity in the adult human brain.

Ramachandran ( with then PhD student, Edward Hubbard ) showed that some synesthetes were better able to detect " embedded figures " composed of one letter or number ( for example a triangle composed of 2s ) on a background of another number ( for example 5s ).

Based on his previous work on phantom limbs, Ramachandran suggested that synesthesia may arise from a cross-activation between brain regions.

Although the idea of cross-connections dates to some of the earliest work on synesthesia ,< ref > Ramachandran was the first to give this idea a specific anatomical explanation.

In 2008 Ramachandran conducted an experiment in which several phantom arm patients reported feeling touch signals on their phantom arms when they observed the arm of a student being touched.

In 2008 Oberman, Ramachandran and Pineda conducted an experiment in which children with ASD showed both normal and abnormal EEG responses depending on their familiarity with people whose actions they were observing.

Ramachandran has served as an expert witness on the delusions associated with pseudocyesis ( false pregnancy ).

* TED talk by Ramachandran on brain damage and structures of the mind

This is the first film shot in Ramakrishna Cine Studios in Hyderabad that was started on 7 June 1976 by Tamil superstar M. G. Ramachandran.

* " VS Ramachandran on your mind " at ted. com

Hearing about these results, Vilayanur S. Ramachandran theorized that phantom limb sensations could be due to this reorganization in the somatosensory cortex, which is located in the postcentral gyrus, and which receives input from the limbs and body.

In 2012, Case and Ramachandran reported the results of a survey of bigendered individuals who experience involuntary alternation between male and female states.

Ramachandran and Eric Altschuler published the results of pilot studies on the use of mirrors in the treatment of hemispatial neglect ( the inability to see or pay attention to one side of observed space ) and hemiparesis after stoke ( muscular weakness on one side of the body ).

Proline is one of the two amino acids that do not follow along with the typical Ramachandran plot, along with glycine.

Following his successful debut, he starred in five more films as a child actor sharing screen space with Sivaji Ganesan and M. G. Ramachandran.

Ramachandran, a well-known 20th-century Indian music critic, wrote: " Tyagaraja is an indefatigable interpreter of the past ... but if with one eye he looks backward, with the other he looks forward as well.

The party, in the absence of a personality of MGR's calibre, began to crumble, with infighting, and broke into two factions, one under Janaki Ramachandran and the other under J. Jayalalithaa, another film actress-turned-politician who had starred with MGR in many movies and an associate of MGR.

Nedunchezhiyan ( left ) with M. Karunanidhi ( center ) and M. G. Ramachandran ( right )

Vilayanur Subramanian Ramachandran ( in accordance with some Tamil family name traditions, his family name, Vilayanur, is placed first ) was born in 1951 in Tamil Nadu, India.

Ramachandran is credited with discovering several new visual effects and illusions ; most notably perceived slowing of motion at equiluminance ( when red and green are seen as equally bright ), stereoscopic " capture " using illusory contours, stereoscopic learning, shape-from-shading, and motion capture.

Ramachandran is credited with the invention of the mirror box and the introduction of mirror visual feedback as a treatment for a variety of conditions associated with phantom limb pain, stroke, and regional pain syndrome.

Ramachandran theorized that Different subtypes of number – colour synaesthesia ... are caused by hyperconnectivity between colour and number areas at different stages in processing ; lower synaesthetes may have cross-wiring ( or cross-activation ) within the fusiform gyrus, whereas higher synaesthetes may have cross-activation in the angular gyrus. Consistent with this model, Ramachandran's group found increased activity in color selective areas in synesthetes compared to non-synesthetes using fMRI.

In 1999, Ramachandran, in collaboration with then post-doctoral fellow Eric Altschuler and colleague Jaime Pineda, was one of the first to suggest that a loss of mirror neurons might be the key deficit that explains many of the symptoms and signs of autism spectrum disorders.

Ramachandran and his colleagues did not measure mirror neuron activity directly ; rather they demonstrated that children with ASD showed abnormal EEG responses ( known as Mu wave suppression ) when they observed the activities of other people.

In 2010 Ramachandran stated that " The olfactory bulb hypothesis has important clinical implications " and announced that his group would undertake a study " comparing olfactory bulb volumes in individuals with autism with those of normal controls.