Egyptian-Hittite peace treaty | Egypto-Hittite Peace Treaty ( c. 1258 BC ) between Hattusili III and Ramesses II is the best known early written peace treaty.

* The Center for Online Judaic Studies: Ramesses III and the Philistines, 1175 BC

It has also been noted that there is great similarity between the names of the Sea Peoples, which at that time were raiding Egypt, as they are listed by Ramesses III and Merneptah, and of the allies of the Trojans.

* 1153 BC — Death of pharaoh Ramesses III of Egypt

* 1153 BC — Death of pharaoh Ramesses III of Egypt

The theory that these people came from the Western Mediterranean, suggested by some who draw attention to the etymological connections between Sherden and Sardinia, Shekelesh with Sicily, and Trs-w ( Teresh or Tursci ) with Etruscans, is not archaeologically satisfactory, and there is evidence that these people arrived in the areas in which they lived in classical times after the period of Ramesses III, rather than before.

If the theory that the Sherden moved to Sardinia only after their defeat by Ramesses III is true, then it could be inferred from this that the finds in Sardinia are survivals of earlier types of weapons and armour.

* Sishepset, from the time of Ramesses III

and Ramesses III were also found.

Usimare Ramesses III ( also written Ramses and Rameses ) was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty and is considered to be the last great New Kingdom king to wield any substantial authority over Egypt.

Ramesses III is believed to have reigned from March 1186 to April 1155 BC.

Ramesses III defeated them in two great land and sea battles.

Ramesses III was also compelled to fight invading Libyan tribesmen in two major campaigns in Egypt's Western Delta in his Year 6 and Year 11 respectively.

Thanks to the discovery of papyrus trial transcripts ( dated to Ramesses III ), it is now known that there was a plot against his life as a result of a royal harem conspiracy during a celebration at Medinet Habu.

Iset's son, Ramesses ( the future Ramesses IV ), was the eldest and the successor chosen by Ramesses III in preference to Tiy's son Pentaweret.

Red granite sarcophagus of Ramesses III ( Louvre )

However, Ramesses III died in his 32nd year before the summaries of the sentences were composed, but the same year that the trial documents record the trial and execution of the conspirators.

Prior to this discovery, it had been speculated that Ramesses III may have been killed by means that would not have left a mark on the body.

His mummy includes an amulet to protect Ramesses III in the afterlife from snakes.

Ramesses III may have been doubtful as to the latter's chances of succeeding him since, in the Great Harris Papyrus, he implored Amun to ensure his son's rights.

Papyrus Harris I records some of Ramesses III activities:

Medinet Habu temple relief of Ramesses III

Ramesses tells us, in his Kadesh inscriptions, that he incorporated some of the Sherden into his own personal guard at the Battle of Kadesh.

The Sherden prisoners were subsequently incorporated into the Egyptian army for service on the Hittite frontier by Ramesses, and were involved as Egyptian soldiers in the Battle of Kadesh.

Thus, the motif of " slavery in Egypt " reflects the historical situation of imperialist control of the Egyptian Empire over Canaan after the conquests of Ramesses II, which declined gradually during the 12th century under the pressure from the Sea Peoples and the general Bronze Age collapse.

* Ramesses III: adversary of the Sea Peoples

* 1178 BC: The Battle of Djahy ( Canaan ) between Ramesses III and the Sea Peoples marks the beginning of the decline in power of the New Kingdom in the Levant during the Bronze Age collapse

The Battle of Djahy ( Djahy being the Egyptian name for Canaan ) in 1178 BC between Ramesses III and the Sea Peoples marked the beginning of this decline.

Although Ramesses III states in an inscription dating to his 8th Year from his Medinet Habu mortuary temple that Carchemish was destroyed by the Sea Peoples, the city evidently survived the onslaught.

The first mention is thought to be in texts of the temple at Medinet Habu which record a people called the Peleset among the Sea Peoples who invaded Egypt in Ramesses III's reign.

Some scholars have additionally connected both Tiras and the Etruscans with Troas ( Troy ), as well as with the contingent of Sea Peoples known to New Kingdom of Egypt as the " Tursha " ( Ramesses III inscription ) or " Teresh of the Sea " ( Merneptah Stele ).

The first recorded naval battle, the battle of the Delta between Egyptian forces under Ramesses III and the enigmatic alliance known as the Sea Peoples, occurred as early as 1175 BC.

In the first recorded naval battle in history, the battle of the Delta, the forces of Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses III won a decisive victory over a force made up of the enigmatic group known as the Sea Peoples.

Aside from its intrinsic size and architectural and artistic importance, the temple is probably best known as the source of inscribed reliefs depicting the advent and defeat of the Sea Peoples during the reign of Ramesses III.

This leaves Ramesses IV as the only credible primary ' subject ' of the mwt-nsw title in the tomb.

This pyramid was also the subject of one of the earliest known restoration attempts, conducted by a son of Ramesses II.

The sea peoples are documented during the late 19th dynasty and especially during year 8 of Ramesses III of the 20th Dynasty when they tried to enter or control the Egyptian territory.

Records or possible records of sea peoples generally or in particular date to two campaigns of Ramesses II, a pharaoh of the militant 19th Dynasty: operations in or near the delta in Year 2 of his reign and the major confrontation with the Hittite Empire and allies at the Battle of Kadesh in his Year 5.

A similar assemblage of peoples may have attempted to invade Egypt twice, once during the reign of Merneptah about 1224 BC, and then again during the reign of Ramesses III about 1186 BC.

Ramesses claimed victory, and settled the Meshwesh in military concentration camps in Middle Egypt in order to force their assimilation into Egyptian culture and press them into military service for the Egyptian state.

According to Papyrus Harris I, Ramesses " settled in strongholds of the Victorious King, they hear the language of the people, serving the King, he makes their language disappear.