The zero point of any thermodynamic temperature scale, such as Kelvin or Rankine, is set at absolute zero.

Absolute, or thermodynamic, temperature is conventionally measured in kelvins ( Celsius-scaled increments ) and in the Rankine scale ( Fahrenheit-scaled increments ) with increasing rarity.

The Rankine temperature scale was created to use degree intervals the same size as those of the Fahrenheit scale, such that a temperature difference of one degree Rankine ( 1 R ) is equal to a difference of 1 ° F, except that absolute zero is 0 R – the same way that the Kelvin temperature scale matches the Celsius scale, except that absolute zero is 0 K. The Fahrenheit scale uses ( in the same manner as the later Celsius scale ) the symbol ° to denote a point on the temperature scale and the letter F to indicate the use of the Fahrenheit scale ( e. g. " Gallium melts at 85. 5763 ° F "), as well as to denote a difference between temperatures or an uncertainty in temperature ( e. g. " The output of the heat exchanger experiences an increase of 72 ° F " and " Our standard uncertainty is ± 5 ° F ").

The symbol for degrees Rankine is ° R ( or ° Ra if necessary to distinguish it from the Rømer and Réaumur scales ).

Zero on both the Kelvin and Rankine scales is absolute zero, but the Rankine degree is defined as equal to one degree Fahrenheit, rather than the one degree Celsius used by the Kelvin scale.

The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle.

Rankine is now a lecturer in music at Stow College in Glasgow, and worked with Belle & Sebastian on their debut album, Tigermilk in 1996.

The gas cycle is less efficient than the vapor compression cycle because the gas cycle works on the reverse Brayton cycle instead of the reverse Rankine cycle.

Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning is based on inventions and discoveries made by Nikolay Lvov, Michael Faraday, Willis Carrier, Reuben Trane, James Joule, William Rankine, Sadi Carnot, and many others.

The temperature used in the equation of state is an absolute temperature: in the SI system of units, kelvin ; in the Imperial system, degrees Rankine.

The most commonly used heat cycle for OTEC is the Rankine cycle using a low-pressure turbine.

A still common system is the English Engineering Units in which the mass reference is pound mass and the temperature is specified in degrees Fahrenheit or Rankine.

Some engineering fields in the U. S. measure thermodynamic temperature using the Rankine scale.

The first thermodynamic textbook was written in 1859 by William Rankine, originally trained as a physicist and a civil and mechanical engineering professor at the University of Glasgow.

* 1854 – Rankine introduces his thermodynamic function, later identified as entropy

The Rankine cycle is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine.

While many substances could be used in the Rankine cycle, water is usually the fluid of choice due to its favorable properties, such as nontoxic and nonreactive chemistry, abundance, and low cost, as well as its thermodynamic properties.

The Rankine cycle does not restrict the working fluid in its definition, so the inclusion of an “ organic ” cycle is simply a marketing concept that should not be regarded as a separate thermodynamic cycle.

The term " hot air engine " specifically excludes any engine performing a thermodynamic cycle such as the Rankine cycle, in which the working fluid undergoes a phase transition.

Both temperatures must be measured using a thermodynamic temperature scale based at absolute zero such as Kelvin or Rankine.

Absolute temperature refers to use of the Kelvin ( K ) or Rankine (° R ) temperature scales, with zero being absolute zero.

The Rankine temperature scale was based upon the Fahrenheit temperature scale, with its zero representing absolute zero instead.

with T < sub > 1 </ sub > and T < sub > 2 </ sub > in degrees Rankine or kelvins, p < sub > 2 </ sub > and p < sub > 1 </ sub > being absolute pressures and k = ratio of specific heats ( approximately 1. 4 for air ).

Note that these equations must use the absolute temperature ( the Kelvin or Rankine scale.

* Rankine (° R or ° Ra ), which uses the Fahrenheit scale, adjusted so that 0 degrees Rankine is equal to absolute zero.

Since 1967 it has been known simply as the kelvin, with symbol K. Degree absolute (° A ) is obsolete terminology, often referring specifically to the kelvin but sometimes the degree Rankine as well.

is in absolute temperature units ( i. e., either kelvins or degrees Rankine ).

* Organic Rankine cycle ( Coolant changing phase in temperature ranges of ice and hot liquid water )

Some key temperatures relating the Rankine scale to other temperature scales are shown in the table below.

For example, Rankine in 1853 defined temperature as follows: " Two portions of matter are said to have equal temperatures when neither tends to communicate heat to the other.

* 1849 – William John Macquorn Rankine calculates the correct relationship between saturated vapour pressure and temperature using his hypothesis of molecular vortices

* 1850 – Rankine uses his vortex theory to establish accurate relationships between the temperature, pressure, and density of gases, and expressions for the latent heat of evaporation of a liquid ; he accurately predicts the surprising fact that the apparent specific heat of saturated steam will be negative.

This equates to − 459. 67 ° on the Fahrenheit scale and 0 R on the Rankine scale.

These are Kelvin ( SI units ) or Rankine scale ( Imperial & US units ).

They are named in recognition of the work carried out by Scottish engineer and physicist William John Macquorn Rankine and French engineer Pierre Henri Hugoniot.

It is named after William John Macquorn Rankine, a Scottish polymath and Glasgow University professor.

The regenerative Rankine cycle is so named because after emerging from the condenser ( possibly as a subcooled liquid ) the working fluid is heated by steam tapped from the hot portion of the cycle.

William John Macquorn Rankine and Pierre Henri Hugoniot independently developed the theory for flow properties before and after a shock wave.

* Ian McIntosh-guitars, live and radio sessions after Rankine left, ( 1982 – 1985 )

The Rankine cycle shown here prevents the vapor ending up in the superheat region after the expansion in the turbine,

In 1933 he married Jean Rankine, a competitive tennis player and Lecturer in Mathematics at Glasgow, and together they would have three sons and one daughter.

Electric Honey, founded in 1992, is Stow College's ( Glasgow, Scotland ) in-house record label run by Ken McCluskey ( The Bluebells ), Douglas MacIntyre ( Creeping Bent ) and formerly Alan Rankine ( The Associates ) along with students from the HNC / D Music Business course.

At Glasgow he studied under Lord Kelvin and Professor Macquorn Rankine.