Born in Mulhouse ( Mülhausen ) in Alsace, Dreyfus was the youngest of nine children born to Raphael and Jeannette Dreyfus ( née Libmann ).

The Dreyfus family had long been established in the area that traditionally had been German-speaking, and Raphael spoke Yiddish and conducted business affairs in the German language.

His father was a cultured man, and his mother was the sister of Raphael Georg Kiesewetter ( 1773 – 1850 ), the musical archaeologist and collector.

His reputation had spread throughout Europe and he was on friendly terms and in communication with most of the major artists including Raphael, Giovanni Bellini and — mainly through Lorenzo di Credi — Leonardo da Vinci.

Raphael Holinshed calls her Voadicia, while Edmund Spenser calls her " Bunduca ", a version of the name that was used in the popular Jacobean play Bonduca, in 1612.

The first scholar to give Peirce his considered professional attention was Royce's student Morris Raphael Cohen, the editor of an anthology of Peirce's writings titled Chance, Love, and Logic ( 1923 ) and the author of the first bibliography of Peirce's scattered writings.

However, Frankel's use of modern methods of historical scholarship in analyzing Jewish texts and developing Jewish law set him apart from neo-Orthodox Judaism, which was concurrently developing under the leadership of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch.

He met the influential early neoclassical painter Raphael Mengs ( 1728 – 1779 ), and through Mengs was introduced to the pathbreaking theories of art historian Johann Joachim Winckelmann ( 1717 – 1768 ).

At the coroner's inquest the next day, the jury, which included Oxford's servant and Cecil's protégé, the future historian Raphael Holinshed, found that Brincknell was drunk when he ran onto Oxford's blade.

He moved to Madrid where he studied with Anton Raphael Mengs, a painter who was popular with Spanish royalty.

In 1774, he was asked, on behalf of the Spanish crown, by the German artist Anton Raphael Mengs, to undertake the series.

Bartolomeo learned perspective from the younger artist, while Raphael added skills in coloring and handling of drapery, which was noticeable in the works he produced after their meeting.

Frederick Augustus II ( full name: Frederick Augustus Albert Maria Clemens Joseph Vincenz Aloys Nepomuk Johann Baptista Nikolaus Raphael Peter Xavier Franz de Paula Venantius Felix ) ( Dresden, 18 May 1797 – Brennbüchel, Karrösten, Tyrol, 9 August 1854 ) was King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.

1515, probably based on a drawing by Raphael, and using a composition derived from a Roman sarcophagus, was a highly influential treatment, which made Paris's Phrygian cap an attribute in most later versions.

A hall was opened by Le Normant de Tournehem and the Marquis de Marigny for public viewing of the Tableaux du Roy on Wednesdays and Saturdays, and contained Andrea del Sarto's Charity and works by Raphael ; Titian ; Veronese ; Rembrandt ; Poussin or Van Dyck, until its closing in 1780 as a result of the gift of the palace to the comte de Provence by the king in 1778.

This painting, which was copied many times, influenced Michelangelo, Raphael, and Andrea del Sarto, and through them Pontormo and Correggio.

Mariotto di Bigio di Bindo Albertinelli ( October 13, 1474 – November 5, 1515 ) was a High Renaissance Italian painter of the Florentine school, closely involved with Fra Bartolomeo and influenced by Raphael.

Later on in Rome Raphael was commissioned to paint “ The Transfiguration ” by Cardinal Gioulio di Medici who had been appointed as arch bishop of Narbonne in the south of France.

At this time Raphael was also busy painting the Stanze, various altarpieces, painting versions of Madonna and child and being the principal architect in Rome after the death of Bramante, which gave him little time to do “ The Transfiguration ”.

This was done in order that he, Michelangelo, would suffer unfavorable comparisons with his rival Raphael, who at the time was at the peak of his own artistry as the primo fresco painter.

In later years it was Rav Ettlinger's students Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch and Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer of Berlin who deepened the awareness and strength of Orthodox Jewry.

Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch commented in 1854 thatIt was not the ' Orthodox ' Jews who introduced the word ' orthodoxy ' into Jewish discussion.

He was a friend and patron of Bramante and Raphael, and a patron of Michelangelo.

Saint Raphael of Brooklyn ( November 20, 1860 – February 27, 1915 ), also known as Father Raphael, was born as Raphael Hawaweeny () in Beirut, Lebanon, of Damascene Syrian parents.

In the work by anthropologist Raphael Patai entitled The Hebrew Goddess, the author argues that the term Shekhinah refers to a goddess by comparing and contrasting scriptural and medieval Jewish Kabbalistic source materials.

In The Myth of the Jewish Race Raphael and Jennifer Patai cite Karl Pearson's 1925 opposition ( in the first issue of the journal Annals of Eugenics which he founded ) to Jewish immigration into Britain.

Raphael Maklouf was born to a Jewish family.

Caesar was born in Yonkers, New York, the youngest son of Max Caesar and his wife Ida ( née Raphael ), Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire who ran a restaurant .< ref >

** Marcel Samuel Raphael Cohen ( aka Tekin Alp ) ( 1883 – 1961 ), born to a Jewish family in Salonica under Ottoman control ( now Thessaloniki, Greece ), became one of the founding fathers of Turkish nationalism and an ideologue of Pan-Turkism.

Around 1910 he fell deeply in love with Blanche Raphael, a young Jewish friend, however he was faithful to his wife.

Raphael is named in several Jewish apocryphal books ( see below ).

* Jacobs, Louis Samson Raphael Hirsch: The Father of Neo-Orthodoxy in The Jewish Religion: A Companion, Oxford University Press ( 1995 ) ISBN 0-19-826463-1

* Paper on William of Norwich presented to the Jewish Historical Society of England by Raphael Langham

At 22 he married in the town of Humenné, and began to study several Jewish writings not well known in Hungary, including the works of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch ; this briefly led to controversy until he could prove the relevance of Hirsch's work in defending the Orthodox viewpoint against attempts at reforming Jewish practice.

Raphael features prominently in the deuterocanonical book Tobit ( initially accepted by both the Jewish and Christian canons, but removed from the Jewish canon in late antiquity and rejected by the Protestant reformers in the 17th century ).

The philosophies of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch and Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook are prominent in this field, the former rationally and in terms of a kehilla ( community ) of Jews in galut ( the diaspora ) influencing their non-Jewish neighbors, and the latter mystically and in Zionist terms of a Jewish state influencing the other nations of the world.

Raphael Lemkin ( June 24, 1900 – August 28, 1959 ) was a Polish lawyer of Jewish descent.

Kaplinsky's parents are Raphael Kaplinsky, an exiled Jewish South African economics professor at the Open University, and his wife Catherine Kaplinsky née Charlewood, a psychotherapist.

* Morris Raphael Cohen ( 1880 – 1947 ), American Jewish philosopher who united pragmatism with logical positivism and linguistic analysis

* Sylvia Raphael, one of the leading female operatives in Israel's external intelligence agency, the Mossad, was a Graaff-Reinet-born Christian with a Jewish father.

The 17th century palace inventories included the works of the greatest contemporary and ancient masters, like Rembrandt ( Portuguese rabbi, Jewish Girl in a beret, The Adoration of the Magi, Abraham and Hagar, Portrait of an old man in the so-called Dutch Room of the palace ), Pieter van Laer, called Bamboccio ( Travellers ), Anthony van Dyck ( Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane ), Ferdinand van Kessel ( batalistic scenes, allegorical paintings and still lifes ), Raphael, Caracci brothers, Guido Reni and Bernardo Strozzi.

* Straus Raphael, The " Jewish Hat " as an Aspect of Social History, Jewish Social Studies, Vol.