Two professors of linguistics have claimed that de Vere wrote not only the works of Shakespeare, but most of what is memorable in English literature during his lifetime, with such names as Edmund Spenser, Christopher Marlowe, Philip Sidney, John Lyly, George Peele, George Gascoigne, Raphael Holinshed, Robert Greene, Thomas Phaer, and Arthur Golding being among dozens of further pseudonyms of de Vere.

In 2000, Melissa Raphael wrote the text " Introducing Thealogy: Discourse on the Goddess ".

Cyrus L. Day relates that, " she had never seen it in Finland, she wrote to me in 1954, but had learned about it from a Spaniard named Raphael Gaston, who called it a whip knot, and told her it was used in the mountains of Spain by muleteers and herdsmen.

In 2005 Byron Raphael and Presley biographer Alanna Nash wrote that Adams may have " swung both ways " like " Adams ' good pal ( and Elvis ' idol ) James Dean.

Since dad, Raphael could not see his new born he wrote welcome Anna, 10. 01. 07 ** on the back of his ski suit.

In 1999, the London, Ontario police wrote to Raphael Bergmann and Tyler Chilcott stating that they were members of an alleged group that the letter called the Northern Alliance.

Nagel wrote An Introduction to Logic and the Scientific Method with Morris Raphael Cohen, his CCNY teacher in 1934.

He wrote a very successful teaching manual with Raphael Blanchard Éléments de zoologie G. Masson ( Paris ), 1885.

Dr. Raphael Cilento, who was in charge of the QHD evaluation, wrote a report that was mainly critical, but somewhat complimentary.

In the late 1880s, Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, an influential leader in the early opposition to non-Orthodox forms of Judaism, wrote that while he did not endorse the idea of common descent ( that all life developed from one common organism ), even if science ever did prove the factuality of Evolution, it would not pose a threat to Orthodox Judaism's beliefs.

Baldassare Castiglione, in his Courtier, wrote, of Leonardo, Andrea Mantegna, Raphael, Michelangelo and Giorgione, that " each of them is unlike the others, but each is the most perfect in his style.

He wrote biographies of several artists: Antonio Canova ( 1823 ), Raphael ( 1824 ) and Michelangelo ( 1835 ).

* Raphael Holinshed and his collaborators who wrote the Chronicles of England, Scotland and Wales ( 2nd edition, 1587 ), which was Shakespeare's primary source for his history plays.

Raphael Mendez advised saying the letter " M ".

There is a letter of recommendation of Raphael, dated October 1504, from the mother of the next Duke of Urbino to the Gonfaloniere of Florence: " The bearer of this will be found to be Raphael, painter of Urbino, who, being greatly gifted in his profession has determined to spend some time in Florence to study.

Michelangelo accused Raphael of plagiarism and years after Raphael's death, complained in a letter that " everything he knew about art he got from me ", although other quotations show more generous reactions.

Samson Raphael Hirsch, immediately on the opening of the seminary, addressed an open letter to Frankel, demanding a statement as to the religious principles which would guide the instruction at the new institution.

The Renaissance generally dismissed it as a " barbarous " product of the " Dark Ages ", and the term " Gothic " was invented as a deliberately pejorative one, first used by the painter Raphael in a letter of 1519 to characterise all that had come between the demise of Classical art and its supposed ' rebirth ' in the Renaissance.

According to a 1666 letter which was stored with the manuscript, Raphael had told the letter's writer, Marcus Marci, that the manuscript had originally belonged to Rudolf, who had purchased it for 600 gold ducats.

A letter of introduction allowed him to meet the Pope, Clement XIV, who allowed him to set up scaffolding in the Vatican to study the frescoes of Raphael.

According to Michelangelo's account, Bramante and Raphael convinced the Pope to commission Michelangelo in a medium not familiar to the artist.

* Portrait of Pope Julius II ( Raphael )

Meeting between pope Pope Leo I | Leo I and Attila, by Raphael

Raphael's Portrait of Leo X ( Raphael ) | Portrait of Leo X with cardinals Pope Clement VII | Giulio de ' Medici and Luigi de ' Rossi ( Uffizi )

The reputation of the court had been established by Federico III da Montefeltro, a highly successful condottiere who had been created Duke of Urbino by the Pope — Urbino formed part of the Papal States — and who died the year before Raphael was born.

He was invited by the new Pope Julius II, perhaps at the suggestion of his architect Donato Bramante, then engaged on St. Peter's, who came from just outside Urbino and was distantly related to Raphael.

The death of Julius in 1513 did not interrupt the work at all, as he was succeeded by Raphael's last Pope, the Medici Pope Leo X, with whom Raphael formed an even closer relationship, and who continued to commission him.

Another building, for Pope Leo's doctor, the Palazzo di Jacobo da Brescia, was moved in the 1930s but survives ; this was designed to complement a palace on the same street by Bramante, where Raphael himself lived for a time.

* Saint Raphael Kalinowski, the first friar to be canonized ( in 1991 by Pope John Paul II ) in the Order of Discalced Carmelites since Saint John of the Cross

* Raphael ( Madonna of the Goldfinch, Pope Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de ' Medici and Luigi de ' Rossi )

Portrait of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, later Pope Paul III, by Raphael, 1509 – 1511 ( Museo di Capodimonte, Naples ).

In 1515, Raphael was commissioned by Pope Leo X to design a series of ten tapestries to hang around the lower tier of the walls.

Among its notable alumni and faculty are Pope Benedict XVI, Karl Marx, Heinrich Heine, Heinrich Hertz, Friedrich Hirzebruch, Friedrich Nietzsche, Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, Joseph Schumpeter, Konrad Adenauer, Max Ernst, Constantin Carathéodory, Karl Weierstrass, Karl Barth, Wolfgang Kaleck and Samson Raphael Hirsch.

While both Michelangelo and a painting of the Swiss Guard bearing Pope Julius II on a litter ( by Raphael ) are often cited as inspiration for the Swiss Guard uniform, the actual uniforms worn by those soldiers are of the style which appears by today's standards as a large skirt, a common style in uniforms during the Renaissance.

Standing alongside Leonardo and Michelangelo as the third great painter of the High Renaissance was the younger Raphael, who in a short life span painted a great number of lifelike and engaging portraits, including those of Pope Julius II and his successor Pope Leo X, and numerous portrayals of the Madonna and Christ Child, including the Sistine Madonna.

The sarcophagus was given by Pope Gregory XVI, and its inscription reads ILLE HIC EST RAPHAEL TIMUIT QUO SOSPITE VINCI / RERUM MAGNA PARENS ET MORIENTE MORI, meaning " Here lies Raphael, by whom the mother of all things ( Nature ) feared to be overcome while he was living, and while he was dying, herself to die ".

The Pope held an informal contest among sculptors to make replacement right arms, which was judged by Raphael.

He discusses Michelangelo, Raphael, and da Vinci, the courtyards of the Vatican, the rooms decorated for the Pope by Raphael, and the Sistine Chapel.

Pope Julius II by Raphael

Pope Julius II, painted by Raphael ( oil on wood, c. 1511 ).

The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila by Raphael and his workshop

Raphael saw the commission as an opportunity to be compared with Michelangelo, while Leo saw tapestries as his answer to the ceiling of Julius.

His portrait, painted in Rome by Raphael ( a painter favored by Leo ), shows Rome's Castel Sant ' Angelo behind a curtain.

Raphael was paid twice by Leo, in June 1515 and December 1516, the last payment apparently being upon completion of the work.

Since very little is actually known about his life, the book fills in the historical episodes, placing Leo in the company of many of the key historical figures of his time, including three popes, ( Leo X, Adrian VI, and Pope Clement VII ), two Ottoman emperors ( Selim I and Suleiman the Magnificent ), with appearances by Boabdil ( the last Moorish king of Granada ), Askia Mohammad I of the Songhai Empire, Ferdinand of Spain, and Francis I of France, as well as the artist Raphael and other key political and cultural figures of the period.

Since the first proposal by Leo Esaki and Raphael Tsu of synthetic artificial superlattices in 1970, great advances in the physics of such ultra-fine semiconductors, presently called quantum structures, have been made within the past two decades.

After the introduction of the word genocide in the 1940s by Raphael Lemkin, Lemkin himself and most comparative scholars of genocide and many general historians, such as Robert Hughes, Ward Churchill, Leo Kuper and Jared Diamond, basing their analysis on previously published histories, present the extinction of the Tasmanian Aborigines as a text book example of a genocide.