In 1941, Eli Siegel, American philosopher and poet, founded Aesthetic Realism, the philosophy that reality itself is aesthetic, and that " The world, art, and self explain each other: each is the aesthetic oneness of opposites.

Realism in the philosophy of mathematics is the claim that mathematical entities such as number have a mind-independent existence.

It is important to distinguish the versions of ethical naturalism which have received the most sustained philosophical interest, for example, Cornell Realism, from the position that " the way things are is always the way they ought to be "; few ethical naturalists believe such a slogan.

As a treatise, its primary intellectual contribution to the history of political thought is the fundamental break between political Realism and political Idealism, because The Prince is a manual to acquiring and keeping political power.

Though Surrealism was a direct influence on Magic Realism in its early stages, many Magic Realist writers and critics, such as Amaryll Chanady and S. P. Ganguly, while acknowledging the similarities, cite the many differences obscured by the direct comparison of Magic Realism and Surrealism such as an interest in psychology and the artefacts of European culture they claim is not present in Magic Realism.

It is in fact jarring to find the champion of American prose Realism, William Dean Howells, introducing Pastels in Prose ( 1890 ), a volume of French prose-poems translated by Stuart Merrill and containing a Paul Margueritte pantomime, The Death of Pierrot, with words of warm praise ( and even congratulations to each poet for failing “ to saddle his reader with a moral ”).

Realism is also a property of each of the elements of the maths ; an element is real if it corresponds to something in the interpreting structure.

In these lessons the way of seeing the world based on aesthetics — which is Aesthetic Realism — was taught.

The basis of Aesthetic Realism is the principle, " The world, art, and self explain each other: each is the aesthetic oneness of opposites ".

Realism in a minimal sense, that there is an external universe is most likely not observationally distinct from solipsism.

The placement of Realism under positivism is far from unproblematic however.

* Psychological factors in International Relations-Evaluating psychological factors in international relations comes from the understanding that a state is not a ' black box ' as proposed by Realism, and that there may be other influences on foreign policy decisions.

In the later 19th century, Romanticism is countered by Realism and Naturalism.

< http :// www. jstor. org / stable / 335812 >.</ ref > Much discussion is cited from Maggie Ann Bowers ' book Magic ( al ) Realism, wherein she attempts to delimit the terms magic and magical realism by examining the relationships with other genres such as realism, surrealism, fantastic literature and science fiction.

Realism is an attempt to create a depiction of actual life ; a novel does not simply rely on what it presents but how it presents it.

Some former students have said that Aesthetic Realism is a cult, but other former students say it is nothing of the kind.

Vasko Popa wrote in a succinct modernist style that owed much to surrealism and Serbian folk traditions ( via the influence of Serbian poet Momčilo Nastasijević ) and absolutely nothing to the Socialist Realism that dominated Eastern European literature after World War II ; in fact, he was the first in post-World War II Yugoslavia to break with the Socialist Realism.

According to Aesthetic Realism, racism and prejudice of all kinds begin with the human inclination towards contempt, “ the addition to self through the lessening of something else .” Students of the philosophy assert that the racist attitude is not inevitable, but can change if one learns to recognize and criticize contempt.

Similarly, while Romanticism glorified nature, Realism portrayed life in the depths of an urban wasteland.

* Kachru, Braj ( 1985 ), " Standards, Codification and Sociolinguistic Realism ", in: Quirk, Randolph ( ed.

* Brink, David ( 1989 ) " Moral Realism and the Foundations of Ethics ", New York: Cambridge University Press, Ch.

" The Trial Begins ", and " On Socialist Realism ", translated by Max Hayward and George Dennis, with an introduction by Czesław Miłosz.

He wrote the award-winning poem, " Hot Afternoons Have Been in Montana ", two highly acclaimed volumes of poetry, a critical consideration of Henry James's The Turn of the Screw titled James and the Children, and Self and World: An Explanation of Aesthetic Realism.

" Moral Realism ", The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Fieser & Dowden ( eds .).

" Realism and Corporate Crime ", in Issues in Realist Criminology.

In his 1932-33 contribution to Erkenntnis, " Positivism and Realism ", Schlick offered one of the most illuminating definitions of positivism as every view " which denies the possibility of metaphysics " ( Schlick, p. 260 ).

" Orval E. Faubus: out of Socialism into Realism ", Arkansas Historical Quarterly 2007 66 ( 2 ): 167 – 80.

*" Lyric Realism: Nature Poetry, Silence and Ontology ", Malahat Review, No. 165, Winter 2008

1989 " Critical Realism and the New Testament ", ( San Jose, Pickwick Publications )

In the 22 " Theses on Christian Realism ", the CDU committed itself to the " Socialist reorganisation of Society " ( 1. edition, 1951 ).

*" Subjectivism and Realism in Modern Philosophy ", The Philosophical Review, 17 ( 1908 ) No. 2: 138 – 48

There are six essays that comprise this compilation: " Response to a Question from the Novy Mir Editorial Staff ", " The Bildungsroman and Its Significance in the History of Realism ", " The Problem of Speech Genres ", " The Problem of the Text in Linguistics, Philology, and the Human Sciences: An Experiment in Philosophical Analysis ", " From Notes Made in 1970-71 ," and " Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences.

Roh first used the term in an essay in 1925, " Magic Realism: Post-Expressionism ", to contrast to Gustav Friedrich Hartlaub's " New Objectivity ", which more narrowly characterized these developments within German art.

This title also referred to the realist style of art known as " Socialist Realism ", then the official art doctrine of the Soviet Union and its satellites ( from one which he had fled with his family ), but it also commented upon the consumer-driven art " doctrine " of western capitalism.

* Stella Hockenhull, " An Aesthetic Approach to Contemporary British Social Realism: London to Brighton ", Film and Romantic special issue, Jeffrey Crouse ( ed.

*" New Realism ", article from the Centre Pompidou

" A Confutation of Convergent Realism ", Philosophy of Science, Vol.

* Fanelli, Jean Grundy ( 2004 ) " Realism and the Giovane Scuola ", Opera for Everyone: A Historic, Social, Artistic, Literary, and Musical Study, Scarecrow Press.

* Extensive lecture notes on Kmart Realism by Tao Lin

Eli Siegel ( August 16, 1902 – November 8, 1978 ) was the poet and critic who founded the philosophy Aesthetic Realism in 1941.

Maggie Ann Bowers argues that it first emerged in the 1955 essay " Magical Realism in Spanish American Fiction " by critic Angel Flores.

To further connect the two concepts, there are descriptive commonalities between the two that Belgian critic Theo D ' haen addresses in his essay, " Magical Realism and Postmodernism.

In a 1991 New York Times review, critic Vivien Raynor remarked that " John Stuart Ingle proves that Magic Realism lives " in his " virtuoso " still life watercolors.

In the 1860s, Corot was still mixing peasant figures with mythological ones, mixing Neoclassicism with Realism, causing one critic to lament, " If M. Corot would kill, once and for all, the nymphs of his woods and replace them with peasants, I should like him beyond measure.

He was also the founder of the movement for " sociological jurisprudence ," an influential critic of the U. S. Supreme Court's " liberty of contract " ( freedom of contract ) line of cases, symbolized by Lochner v. New York ( 1905 ), and one of the early leaders of the movement for American Legal Realism, which argued for a more pragmatic and public-interested interpretation of law and a focus on how the legal process actually occurred, as opposed to the arid legal formalism which prevailed in American jurisprudence at the time.

Caragiale's interest in Realism was however denied by some of his Junimist advocates, who attempted to link his entire work with Maiorescu's guidelines: on the basis of Schopenhauerian aesthetics, critic Mihail Dragomirescu postulated that his humor was pure, and did not draw on any special circumstance or context.

Roh is perhaps best remembered as the critic who coined the term magic realism -- a translation of his Magischer Realismus -- which he first used in 1925 in " Magic Realism: Post-Expressionism ," an essay about the visual arts.