In 1878 the Supreme Court ruled in Reynolds v. United States that religious duty was not a suitable defense for practicing polygamy, and many Mormons went into hiding ; later, Congress began seizing church assets.

However, the privilege was not formally recognized by the U. S. Supreme Court until United States v. Reynolds ( 1953 ) where it was held to be a common law evidentiary privilege.

In fluid mechanics, the Reynolds number is a measure of the ratio of inertial forces ( v < sub > s </ sub > ρ ) to viscous forces ( μ / L ) and consequently it quantifies the relative importance of these two types of effect for given flow conditions.

It had been long established in the decisions of the Supreme Court, beginning with Reynolds v. United States from 1879, when the Court reviewed the history of the early Republic in deciding the extent of the liberties of Mormons.

Since Wesberry v. Sanders ( 1964 ) and Reynolds v. Sims ( 1964 ), the Supreme Court has interpreted the Equal Protection Clause as requiring the states to apportion their congressional districts and state legislative seats according to " one man, one vote ".

) and that traditional legislative district boundaries violated the right to vote ( Reynolds v. Sims ).

Prior to United States Supreme Court decisions Reynolds v. Sims and Baker v. Carr in the 1960s, the basis of representation in most state legislatures was modeled on that of the U. S. Congress: the members of the smaller chamber represented geography and members of the larger chamber represented population.

He made the Court a power center on a more even base with Congress and the presidency especially through four landmark decisions: Brown v. Board of Education ( 1954 ), Gideon v. Wainwright ( 1963 ), Reynolds v. Sims ( 1964 ), and Miranda v. Arizona ( 1966 ).

The " one man, one vote " cases ( Baker v. Carr and Reynolds v. Sims ) of 1962 – 1964 had the effect of ending the over-representation of rural areas in state legislatures, as well as the under-representation of suburbs.

In the key apportionment case Reynolds v. Sims ( 1964 ) Warren delivered a civics lesson: " To the extent that a citizen's right to vote is debased, he is that much less a citizen ," Warren declared.

* United States v. Reynolds

In 1879, in Reynolds v. United States, the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the Morrill Act, stating: " Laws are made for the government of actions, and while they cannot interfere with mere religious belief and opinion, they may with practices.

On January 6, 1879, the Supreme Court upheld the Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act in Reynolds v. United States.

A related case, Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U. S. 533 ( 1964 ), held that seats in both houses of a bicameral state legislature must also, to satisfy the Equal Protection Clause, represent districts as equal in population as practicably possible.

Reynolds v. Sims ( 1964 ) was another major case of the Warren Court era involving state legislative districts.

The Court formulated the famous " one person, one vote " standard under American jurisprudence for legislative redistricting, holding that each individual had to be weighted equally in legislative apportionment ; this principle was formally enunciated in the 1964 case Reynolds v. Sims.

Internal documents produced to the court in Mangini v. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, San Francisco Superior Court No. 959516, demonstrated the industry's interest in targeting children as future smokers.

' United States v. Reynolds, 345 U. S. 1, 7 ( 1953 ).

Almost three decades ago Bertha Reynolds undertook a study of short-contact interviewing because of her conviction that short-term casework had an important but neglected place in our network of social services.

The corporation was formed by the Reynolds Metal Co. and the Samuel A. and Henry A. Berger firm, a Philadelphia builder, for work in the project.

Buffalo coach Buster Ramsey, who has become one of the game's greatest collectors of quarterbacks, apparently now has found a productive pair in two ex-National Football Leaguers, M. C. Reynolds and Warren Rabb.

The Texans made themselves a comforting break on the opening kickoff when Denver's Al Carmichael was jarred loose from the ball when Dave Grayson, the speedy halfback, hit him and Guard Al Reynolds claimed it for Dallas.

Charles Reynolds of Pumpkin Ridge was rabbit showmanship champion.

* Reynolds, Kev.

When his corps commander, Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds, was killed very early in the fighting, Doubleday found himself in command of the corps.

* 1900 – Malvina Reynolds, American singer-songwriter and activist ( d. 1978 )

This was achieved with the invention of the dimensionless Reynolds number by Osborne Reynolds.

Reynolds also experimented with laminar to turbulent flow transition in 1883.

The presence of shock waves, along with the compressibility effects of high-velocity ( see Reynolds number ) fluids, is the central difference between supersonic and subsonic aerodynamics problems.

The 1990s saw the development of Earthships, similar in intent to the Ark project, but organized as a for-profit venture, with construction details published in a series of 3 books by Mike Reynolds.

engineers Bill Reynolds and ( eventual state Secretary of Transportation ) Frederick P. Salvucci envisioned moving the whole expressway underground.

The two groups are Emanuel Maxwell, who published his results in Isotope Effect in the Superconductivity of Mercury and C. A. Reynolds, B. Serin, W. H. Wright, and L. B. Nesbitt who published their results 10 pages later in Superconductivity of Isotopes of Mercury.

Created by the Delaware Constitution of 1776, its membership and responsibilities have been modified by the Delaware Constitution of 1792, the Delaware Constitution of 1831, the Delaware Constitution of 1897, and Supreme Court of the United States decision in Reynolds v. Sims in 1965.

After the Supreme Court decision in Reynolds v. Sims in 1965, the General Assembly was forced to redistrict so that all members of both houses were elected from districts of equal population.

Starting in 1966 ( in the wake of Reynolds v. Sims ), members of the House of Representatives were elected from districts, much as senators already were.

The districting is maintained to comply with the United States Supreme Court ruling in Reynolds v. Sims.

Stewart believed that the majority on the Warren Court had adopted readings of the First Amendment Establishment Clause ( Engel v. Vitale ( 1962 ), Abington School District v. Schempp ( 1963 )), the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination ( Miranda v. Arizona ( 1966 )), and Fourteenth Amendment guarantee of Equal Protection with regard to voting rights ( Reynolds v. Sims ( 1964 )) went beyond the framers ' intention.

In his dissent to Reynolds v. Sims, he wrote:

Harlan was the sole dissenter in Reynolds v. Sims, in which the Court relied on the Equal Protection Clause to extend the one man, one vote principle to state legislative districts.

Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U. S. 533 ( 1964 ) was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that state legislature districts had to be roughly equal in population.

Reynolds v. Sims set off a legislative firestorm in the country.

According to the constitution a county is not to be joined to a portion of another county for purposes of creating a district ; this provision has been overridden by the rulings of the Supreme Court of the United States in Baker v. Carr ( 369 US 182 1962 ) and Reynolds v. Sims ( 337 U. S. 356 1964 ) The Tennessee constitution has been amended to allow that if these rulings are ever changed or reversed, a referendum may be held to allow the senate districts to be drawn on a basis other than substantially equal population.

Prior to the federal Reynolds v. Sims decision by the U. S. Supreme Court, the House of Representatives was apportioned so that each county had a number of representatives based on population, with each county guaranteed at least one Representative, while each county had one Senator.

Reynolds v. Sims caused district lines to cross county lines, causing legislators to be on multiple county councils.

After the U. S. Supreme Court ruled in 1964 for the case Reynolds v. Sims, the state Senate was reapportioned in 1966 as a temporary measure into 27 districts with 50 members for two-year terms.

* Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U. S. 533

This ruling was extended two years later in Reynolds v. Sims ( 1964 ), in which a " one man, one vote " standard was laid down: in both houses of state legislatures, each resident had to be given equal weight in representation.