John, in turn, abandoned Richard's former policy of containing Philip through alliances with Flanders and Boulogne, and accepted Philip's right as the legitimate feudal overlord of John's lands in France.

During Richard's rule, John had successfully increased the size of his lands in Ireland, and he continued this policy as king.

In his study of Shakespeare's histories, in particular Richard II, Iser interprets Richard's continually changing legal policy as expression of the desire for self-assertion.

After getting established, on April 21, 1762, Boudinot married Hannah Stockton ( 1736 – 1808 ), Richard's younger sister.

Major African ports on the shores of the Indian Ocean include: Mombasa ( Kenya ), Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar ( Tanzania ), Durban, East London, Richard's Bay ( South Africa ) and Port Louis ( Mauritius ).

For the remaining years of Richard's reign, John supported his brother on the continent, apparently loyally.

After Richard's death on 6 April 1199 there were two potential claimants to the Angevin throne: John, whose claim rested on being the sole surviving son of Henry II, and young Arthur of Brittany, who held a claim as the son of Geoffrey, John's elder brother.

Another innovation of Richard's, increased charges levied on widows who wished to remain single, was expanded under John.

Ideally, this plan would benefit from the opening of a second front on Philip's eastern frontiers with Flanders and Boulogne – effectively a re-creation of Richard's old strategy of applying pressure from Germany.

At Mantes on 9 July 1193, Philip came to terms with Richard's ministers who agreed that Philip could keep his gains and would be given some extra territories if he ceased all further aggressive actions in Normandy, along with the condition that Philip would hand back the captured territory if Richard would pay homage to Philip.

Then in 1198, Henry the Holy Roman Emperor died, and his successor was to be Otto IV, Richard's nephew, who in turn put additional pressure on Philip.

Richard's grandson, Adam Petty, was killed in an accident at New Hampshire International Speedway on May 12, 2000, five weeks after the death of Lee.

The switching of sides by the Stanleys severely depleted the strength of Richard's army and had a material effect on the outcome of the battle.

Polydore Vergil and Thomas More expanded on this portrayal, emphasising Richard's outward physical deformities as a sign of his inwardly twisted mind.

Hume acknowledges that some historians have argued " that he was well qualified for government, had he legally obtained it ; and that he committed no crimes but such as were necessary to procure him possession of the crown ", but he dismisses this view on the grounds that Richard's exercise of arbitrary power encouraged instability.

Neither of the two plays place any emphasis on Richard's physical appearance, though the True Tragedy briefly mentions that he is " A man ill shaped, crooked backed, lame armed " adding that he is " valiantly minded, but tyrannous in authority.

Unusually, Richard's wife Anne is portrayed, like Lady Macbeth, as an ally, egging him on in his evil plans.

Richard's older brother Henry was married to Margaret, daughter of Louis VII of France, on 2 November 1160.

Gillingham notes that Roger of Howden's chronicle is the main source for Richard's activities in this period, although he notes that it records the successes of the campaign ; it was on this campaign that Richard acquired the name " Richard the Lionheart ".

On 1 May 1191 Richard's fleet arrived in the port of Lemesos ( Limassol ) on Cyprus.

This argument drew primarily on available chronicler accounts of Richard's behaviour, chronicler records of Richard's two public confessions and penitences, and Richard's childless marriage.

Leading historians remain divided on the question of Richard's sexuality.

However, Saladin insisted on the razing of Ascalon's fortifications, which Richard's men had rebuilt, and a few other points.

After Richard was freed, he spent little time in England, instead concentrating on the war with King Philip II of France, which began with Philip's attempts to acquire Richard's possessions on the continent.

The nobility attached itself to one side or the other ( and often changed sides ), but eventually in 1461 Henry was defeated by Richard's son, who became King Edward IV ; Henry was incarcerated in the Tower of London for nine years, but the wars continued and in October 1470 Edward was forced to flee to the continent and Henry was restored to the throne.

This was just Richard's way of saying that last year the Birds opened spring training with a lot of jobs wide open.

When Richard's parents told him they wanted to take him to an orthodontist -- a dentist who specializes in realigning teeth and jaws -- their young son was interested.

The black Fudo seemed to stare rigidly back at him and Richard's eyes were caught by the Fudo's in fascination, and then Richard was shocked as, all at once, flames shot out from the sharp features of Fudo's face and there was a terrible metallic scraping sound, as if the large statue were about to burst from some pressure within it.

Richard's younger brother John, who succeeded him, was not so fortunate ; he suffered the loss of Normandy and numerous other French territories following the disastrous Battle of Bouvines.

The crown of France was saved by Richard's demise after a wound he received fighting his own vassals in Limousin.

John unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against Richard's royal administrators whilst his brother was participating in the Third Crusade.

Armed conflict broke out between John and Longchamp, and by October 1191 Longchamp was isolated in the Tower of London with John in control of the city of London, thanks to promises John had made to the citizens in return for recognition as Richard's heir presumptive.

When his son Richard's first boy Elliot was born, he tried to give him an MG 08 machine gun, which his daughter-in-law refused to accept.

When Richard's second son Harry was born, Michael bought him a train set.

This should have reverted to Philip upon the end of the betrothal, but Philip, to prevent the collapse of the Crusade, agreed that this territory was to remain in Richard's hands, and would be inherited by his male descendents.

Philip now marched southward into the Berry region, and his primary objective was the fortress of Issoudun, which had just been captured by Richard's mercenary commander, Mercadier.

The truce held and later that year, Richard was killed during a siege involving one of Richard's vassals.

In popular culture, Robin Hood is typically seen as a contemporary and supporter of the late-12th-century king Richard the Lionheart, Robin being driven to outlawry during the misrule of Richard's brother John while Richard was away at the Third Crusade.

" Francis James Child indeed retitled Child ballad 102 ; though it was titled The Birth of Robin Hood, its clear lack of connection with the Robin Hood cycle ( and connection with other, unrelated ballads ) led him to title it Willie and Earl Richard's Daughter in his collection.

Richard's father was the son of Sir William Lovelace and Elizabeth Aucher who was the daughter of Mabel Wroths and Edward Aucher, Esq.

The first, in October 1483, was led by staunch allies of Edward IV and most notably by Richard's former ally, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham.

The conspiracy was led by Richard's former ally Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham.

Buckingham's army was greatly troubled by the same storm and deserted when Richard's forces came against them.

Richard's naked body was then exposed, possibly in the collegiate foundation of the Annunciation of Our Lady, before being buried at Greyfriars Church, Leicester.