This violin, now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, may have been part of a set made for the marriage of Philip II of Spain to Elisabeth of Valois in 1559, which would make it one of the earliest known violins in existence.

But Philip, now 60 years of age, died before the Bastarnae could arrive.

Philip now took the offensive himself, and in maneuvoering to get a good cavalry ground upon which to fight he offered battle ( 27 July ), on the plain east of Bouvines and the river Marque.

The Spanish Golden Age ( in Spanish, Siglo de Oro ) was a period of flourishing arts and letters in the Spanish Empire ( now Spain and the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America ), coinciding with the political decline and fall of the Habsburgs ( Philip III, Philip IV and Charles II ).

Pope Innocent III initially had supported the Welfs, but when Otto, now sole elected monarch, moved to appropriate Sicily, Innocent changed sides and accepted young Frederick II and his ally, King Philip II of France, who defeated Otto at the 1214 Battle of Bouvines.

Shortly thereafter, the Romans pacified Sicily and entered into an alliance with the Aetolian League to counter Phillip V. Philip, who attempted to exploit Rome's preoccupation in Italy to conquer Illyria, now found himself under attack from several sides at once and was quickly subdued by Rome and her Greek allies.

but I have only one ye now, and hardly that .’ I was really quite touched ". On 5 November Reynolds, fearing he may not have an opportunity to write a will, wrote a memorandum intended to be his last will and testament, with Edmund Burke, Edmond Malone and Philip Metcalfe named as executors.

Instead, in 1769, he enrolled at the College of New Jersey, now Princeton University, where he became roommates and close friends with Philip Freneau, later dubbed " the poet of the Revolution.

Philip moved south around the new defensive line and struck upwards at the heart of the Duchy, now facing little resistance.

In 1990, General Foods was merged into Kraft Foods by parent company Philip Morris ( now the Altria Group ).

The building influenced the creation of hundreds of modernist glass houses, most notably the Glass House by Philip Johnson, located near New York City and also now owned by the National Trust.

In 336 BC Philip II of Macedon conquered Upper Macedonia, including its northern part and southern Paeonia, which both now lie within the Republic of Macedonia.

A former pupil of an eminent German scholar and educationist Valentin Friedland, Martin Helwig went on to study at the University of Wittenberg where as a student of Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon he earned the academic degree of Magister, in 1552 he became Rector of St. Maria Magdalena School in Breslau ( now Wrocław, in Poland ).

Philip had spent this time consolidating his territorial gains, and by now was controlling much of Normandy east of the Seine, and remaining within striking distance of Rouen.

Philip now pressed his advantage in northeastern Normandy, where he conducted a raid at Dieppe, during which he burnt the English ships in the harbour, repulsing an attack by Richard at the same time.

Philip, now in desperate circumstances, offered a truce so that discussions could begin towards a more permanent peace, with the offer that he would return all of the territories except for Gisors.

In May 1200, Philip signed the Treaty of Le Goulet with Richard's successor king John of England, as youngest son of Henry called the Lackland, now also Duke of Normandy.

John immediately threw his support behind Otto, and Philip now saw his chance to launch a successful invasion of England.

And now the proclamation of Pretorius was followed by protests on the part of the British high commissioner, Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse, as well as on the part of the consul-general for Portugal in South Africa.

The Prado Philip II, now recognised as by Anguissola

An important commission of 1867 was the " green dining room " at the South Kensington Museum ( now the Morris Room of the Victoria and Albert ), featuring stained glass windows and panel figures by Burne-Jones, panels with branches of fruit or flowers by Morris, and olive branches and a frieze by Philip Webb.

Meanwhile, the English, who had previously held the view that Philip could remain on the throne of Spain, now decided that their commercial interests would be more secure under the Archduke Charles.

* November 25 – James of Baux succeeds his uncle, Philip II, as Prince of Taranto ( now eastern Italy ) and titular ruler of the Latin Empire ( now northern Greece and western Turkey ).

The emperor finally succeeded in concentrating his forces at Valenciennes, although John was out of the picture, and in the interval Philip Augustus had counter marched northward and regrouped.

Most of the army of Jerusalem marched north with Philip, Raymond III, and Bohemond III to attack Hama, and Saladin took the opportunity to invade the kingdom.

In June of 1258, Philip and the Hospitallers marched on Acre while a Genoese fleet attacked the city by sea.

Philip, eager to relieve the pressure off his allies in the south, marched to confront Richard's forces at Vendôme.

Philip eagerly accepted the advice, and quickly marched at the head of his troops into the territory of Flanders.

In the continuing conflict with Athens Philip marched east through Thrace in an attempt to capture Byzantium and the Bosphorus, thus cutting off the Black Sea grain supply that provided Athens with much of its food.

Turning to the west, in 1281 he compelled Count Philip I of Savoy to cede some territory to him, then forced the citizens of Bern to pay the tribute that they had been refusing, and in 1289 marched against Count Philip's successor, Otto IV, compelling him to do homage.

It was Philip who marched away in August and the city capitulated shortly thereafter.

Flamininus, with his allies from the Aetolian League, was stationed at Thebes, and marched out towards Pherae in search of Philip, who was at Larisa.

Acclaimed emperor by his own troops, Decius marched into Italy and defeated Philip near modern Verona.

The Archbishop Richard of Trier, Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, and Louis V, Elector Palatine decided to move against him, and having obtained help from the Swabian League, marched on Burg Nanstein.

Philip marched south into Greece.

Philip marched to Chalcis in Euboea, which he garrisoned to block Attalus ' landing there, then continued on to Aegium for the conference.

Learning of the conference and the presence of Attalus, Philip marched rapidly south in an attempt to break up the conference and catch the enemy leaders, but arrived too late.

Philip marched first to Thebes, which surrendered to him ; he expelled the Theban leaders who had opposed him, recalled those pro-Macedonian Thebans who had previously been exiled, and installed a Macedonian garrison.

4, 000 horse under Antipater, the nephew of the King and 2, 000 under Themison formed the cavalry and 102 war elephants of Indian stock marched under Philip and Myischos.

Philip next marched against his southern enemies.

Having secured the bordering regions of Macedon, Philip assembled a large Macedonian army and marched deep into Thrace for a long conquering campaign.

On March 29, 1865, in the opening moves of Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's spring offensive, Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan marched with the army's cavalry followed by the V Corps toward Dinwiddie Court House, to turn the right flank of Gen. Robert E. Lee's Petersburg defenses.

First, they marched to Paris where Philip V refused to meet them.

It was from here that the ill-fated 94th Regiment under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Philip Robert Anstruther marched to Pretoria.

Philip spent some time reorganising Thessaly, and once satisfied, he marched south to the pass of Thermopylae, the gateway to central Greece.

Accordingly, in 343 BC, Philip again marched against him, defeated him in several battles, and reduced him to the condition of a tributary.