In 1796, during the French Revolution and three years after the declaration of war between France and Great Britain, Étienne-Gaspard Robert met with the French government and proposed the use of mirrors to burn the invading ships of the British Royal Navy.

BCS theory, proposed by John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper, and John Robert Schrieffer ( BCS ) in 1957, is the first microscopic theory of superconductivity since its discovery in 1911.

A refined version was proposed by Linus Pauling and Robert Corey in 1951.

An attempt to address this question, called string gas cosmology, was proposed by Robert Brandenberger and Cumrun Vafa.

( see figure ) The effect was observed to be independent of parameters such as the system size and impurities, and in 1981, theorist Robert Laughlin proposed a theory describing the integer states in terms of a topological invariant called the Chern number.

In 1861, Robert Ellis proposed that Etruscan was related to Armenian, which is nowadays acknowledged as an Indo-European language.

Haeckel advanced a version of the earlier " recapitulation theory ", previously set out by Étienne Serres in the 1820s and supported by followers of Geoffroy including Robert Edmond Grant, which proposed a link between ontogeny ( development of form ) and phylogeny ( evolutionary descent ), summed up by Haeckel in the phrase " ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny ".

Other European pioneers were Robert Boyle, who in 1675 stated that electric attraction and repulsion can act across a vacuum ; Stephen Gray, who in 1729 classified materials as conductors and insulators ; and C. F. du Fay, who proposed in 1733 that electricity comes in two varieties that cancel each other, and expressed this in terms of a two-fluid theory.

In 1563 Elizabeth proposed her own suitor, Robert Dudley, as a husband for Mary, without asking either of the two people concerned.

It was first proposed by Leonard Searle and Robert Zinn that galaxies form by the coalescence of smaller progenitors.

One way of proving that a given disease is " infectious ", is to satisfy Koch's postulates ( first proposed by Robert Koch ), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease.

In 1957, John Bardeen, in collaboration with Leon Cooper and his doctoral student John Robert Schrieffer, proposed the standard theory of superconductivity known as the BCS theory ( named for their initials ).

In 1921, Lord Robert Cecil proposed the introduction of Esperanto into state schools of member nations, and a report was commissioned.

In 1690, Christian Huygens proposed a wave theory for light based on suggestions that had been made by Robert Hooke in 1664.

Among its most notable uses is in the theory of ethics first proposed by W. D. Ross, often called the Ethic of Prima Facie Duties, as well as in epistemology, as used, for example, by Robert Audi.

Another well-known theory, first proposed by the historian L. V. D. Owen in 1936 and more recently floated by J. C. Holt and others, is that the original Robin Hood might be identified with an outlawed Robert Hood, or Hod, or Hobbehod, all apparently the same man, referred to in nine successive Yorkshire Pipe Rolls between 1226 and 1234.

Robert Courtney Jr. ( IBM, 1970 ) proposed a formula for presenting risks in financial terms.

Stephen then agreed to a truce proposed by his brother, Henry of Blois ; the full details of the truce are not known, but the results were that Stephen first released Matilda from the siege and then allowed her and her household of knights to be escorted to the south-west, where they were reunited with Robert of Gloucester.

New Harmony, Indiana | New Harmony, a utopian attempt ; depicted as proposed by Robert Owen

Motive utilitarianism was first proposed by Robert Adams in 1976.

In 1918, the Methodist Church proposed building a college in Tulsa, using money donated by Tulsa oilman Robert M. McFarlin.

In 1854, Elizabeth Alexander, a pioneer living near what is now Fayette, Iowa, proposed the idea of a college to her husband, Robert, who donated $ 10, 000 toward the cause.

Thomas Boller and others proposed that the vacuole participates in the destruction of invading bacteria and Robert B Mellor proposed organ-specific forms have a role in ' housing ' symbiotic bacteria.

Grace became a member of Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC ) in 1869 after being proposed by the treasurer, Thomas Burgoyne, and seconded by the secretary, Robert Allan Fitzgerald.

Robert Boyle pioneered the idea of an absolute zero.

The idea that cells can be generated de novo, by the " cytoblast " or otherwise, contradicted work by Robert Remak ( 1852 ) and Rudolf Virchow ( 1855 ) who decisively propagated the new paradigm that cells are generated solely by cells (" Omnis cellula e cellula ").

: The mock epic ( A. J. Liebling, Calvin Trillin, the French writer Robert Courtine, and any good restaurant critic ) is essentially comic and treats the small ambitions of the greedy eater as though they were big and noble, spoofing the idea of the heroic while raising the minor subject to at least temporary greatness.

Robert Graves popularised the triad of " Maiden " ( or " Virgin "), " Mother " and " Crone ", and while this idea did not rest on sound scholarship, his poetic inspiration has gained a tenacious hold.

" Samuel Butler argues, based on literary observations, that a young Sicilian woman wrote the Odyssey ( but not the Iliad ), an idea further pursued by Robert Graves in his novel Homer's Daughter and Andrew Dalby in Rediscovering Homer.

This idea of the infinite, of the unreal, of the innocence dying ..." — Robert Smith 2003 ( about the Peake character that inspired the early Cure song The Drowning Man in 1980 )

Buzan says the idea was inspired by Alfred Korzybski's general semantics as popularized in science fiction novels, such as those of Robert A. Heinlein and A. E.

The first person to develop the idea of a high-tension magneto was Andre Boudeville, but his design omitted a condenser ( capacitor ); Frederick Richard Simms in partnership with Robert Bosch were the first to develop a practical high-tension magneto.

This idea was anticipated in part, down to the microscale, by science fiction author Robert A. Heinlein in his 1942 story Waldo.

" In the early 1970s, Robert Morris invented the idea of storing login passwords in a hashed form as part of the Unix operating system.

Polywater is the central idea of the 1972 espionage / thriller novel A Report from Group 17 by Robert C. O ' Brien.

Harlan Ellison was approached by Robert Kline, a 20th Century Fox television producer, to come up with an idea for a science fiction TV series consisting of eight episodes, to pitch to the BBC as a co-production in February 1973.

The calculations ( by Robert Zubrin and an associate ) inspired the idea of a magnetic parachute or sail.

" Still, though all Canadian nationals were as equally British subjects as their British counterparts prior to the implementation of the Canadian Citizenship Act in 1947, the idea of Canadian-born persons being appointed governor general was raised as early as 1919, when, at the Paris Peace Conference, Canadian prime minister Robert Borden consulted with Prime Minister of South Africa Louis Botha and the two agreed that the viceregal appointees should be long-term residents of their respective dominions.

The show was conceived in 1960 by an Oxford man, Robert Ponsonby, artistic director for the Edinburgh International Festival, with the idea of bringing together the best of the Cambridge Footlights and The Oxford Revue that in previous years had transferred to Edinburgh for short runs.

He abandoned this idea after being criticised in Welsh newspapers for bringing about the defeat of the Liberal Party in the 1895 election and when, at a meeting in Newport on 16 January 1896, the South Wales Liberal Federation, led by David Alfred Thomas and Robert Bird moved that he be not heard.

This idea first appears in Robert de Boron's Joseph d ' Arimathie, in which Joseph receives the Grail from an apparition of Jesus and sends it with his followers to Britain.

Robert King Merton also adopted the idea of anomie to develop Strain Theory, defining it as the discrepancy between common social goals and the legitimate means to attain those goals.

" Also seen in seasons five and six was Dr. Doug Robert, played by Sam Elliott ( according to White, the character was introduced as a replacement for Willy, but the idea was dropped once the producers realized how popular Willy was with viewers ).

Triceratops were long thought to have possibly used their horns and frills in combat with predators such as Tyrannosaurus, the idea being discussed first by C. H. Sternberg in 1917 and 70 years later by Robert Bakker.

Parry managed to convince Smith and Tolhurst of the idea ; Parry said, " It appealed to Robert because he wanted to destroy The Cure anyway.

The original idea was conceived by Jean Monnet, a senior French civil servant and it was announced by Robert Schuman, the French Foreign Minister, in a declaration on 9 May 1950.

The idea of least-squares analysis was also independently formulated by the Frenchman Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1805 and the American Robert Adrain in 1808.