Researcher Robert Conquest, meanwhile, has revised his original estimate of up to 30 million victims down to 20 million.

* Robert Conquest.

* Robert Conquest.

* Robert Sobel Conquest And Conscience: The 1840s ( 1971 )

* Bruce, Robert V Bell: Alexander Bell and the Conquest of Solitude.

Historian Robert Conquest described this system as " a set of phantom institutions and arrangements which put a human face on the hideous realities: a model constitution adopted in a worst period of terror and guaranteeing human rights, elections in which there was only one candidate, and in which 99 percent voted ; a parliament at which no hand was ever raised in opposition or abstention.

* Conquest, Robert ( 1991 ) The Great Terror: A Reassessment.

* Conquest, Robert ( 1986 ) The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine.

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* Conquest, Robert, The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine ( 1986 )

" After reading Age of Extremes, Kremlinologist Robert Conquest concluded that Hobsbawm suffers from a " massive reality denial " regarding the USSR, and John Gray, though praising his work on the nineteenth century, has described Hobsbawm's writings on the post-1914 period as " banal in the extreme.

Robert Conquest emphasized Stalin ’ s paranoia, focused on the Moscow show trial of “ Old Bolsheviks ”, and analyzed the carefully planned and systematic destruction of the Communist Party leadership as the first step toward terrorizing the entire population.

The entire history of the various missions which Robert is alleged to have made is confused, and complicated by propaganda claims made by Norman chroniclers after the Norman Conquest in 1066, leaving it unclear if Robert visited Normandy on his way to receive his pallium or after Godwin was in exile, or if he went twice or not at all.

This claim has been disputed by historians of science including Lynn Thorndike, John Maxson Stillman and George Sarton and by Bacon's editor Robert Steele, both in terms of authenticity of the work, and with respect to the decryption method.

The three previous claims to have arrived at the North Pole — by Frederick Cook in 1908 ; Robert Peary in 1909 ; and Richard Evelyn Byrd in 1926 ( just a few days before the Norge )— are all disputed, as being either of dubious accuracy or outright fraud.

Rukeyser strongly disputed this claim, but ten years later Professors Jess Beltz and Robert Jennings published another academic article in the Review of Financial Economics reporting results consistent with Pari's original findings, and that there was " little correlation between the 6-month performance of a recommendation and the abnormal volume at the date the recommendation is made.

As a move in the dispute, Ohio formally organized part of the disputed area as Lucas County, naming it after the incumbent governor of Ohio, Robert Lucas.

* February 6: At the request of Governor Robert Lucas, Ohio lawmakers passed a law extending the jurisdiction of their state over the disputed area.

King Robert I of Scotland, better known as Robert the Bruce had close ties with the nearby village of Writtle and there is some evidence to suggest he was born at Montpeliers Farm in the village, but the story is disputed and possibly conflated with his father, Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale.

When the succession to the margraviate of Saluzzo was disputed between Manfred V and his nephew Thomas II in 1336, Robert intervened on behalf of Manfred, for Thomas had married into the Ghibelline Visconti family.

Allegations of American involvement were disputed by Robert Young Pelton, who had been in the area reporting for National Geographic and CNN.

The story, although it circulated widely, was disputed by the Anglican minister Robert Ratcliff, who claimed that story and others had " not the least foundation of Truth ", and that they were " falsehoods, and lies " propagated to " render the Governour odious to his people.

However, this is disputed by Henry Harris, who writes: " What Nägeli saw and did not see in plant material at about the same time Robert Remak is somewhat obscure ...

Despite ensuring that President Ter-Petrosyan's side won the disputed 1995 election, and crushing street protests against the manipulated results, Sargsyan abandoned him in late 1997 and switched his support to prime minister Robert Kocharyan, who soon took over as president.

French classical scholar Robert Flacelière states that the Pnyx had enough standing room for as many as 20, 000 citizens., though this is disputed.

Robert, son of Robert II of France, received the Duchy as a peace settlement, having disputed the succession to the throne of France with his brother Henry.

Robert Weatherwax's website has disputed the use of these collies, claiming that Riggins was violating her dog purchase contract by breeding Hey Hey II.

This claim is largely disputed by historians, with the real Battle of Loudoun Hill being fought between the Scottish forces of Robert Bruce and the English forces of Aymer de Valence on May 10, 1307.

However, the validity of the Scottish marriage was disputed, and as a result the eldest son of Lord Macdonald born before his 1803 marriage, Alexander William Robert Bosville, was not allowed to succeed his father in the titles ( this decision was later challenged ; see below ).

Robert Hooke, however, disputed this, writing that:

Pegge also disputed this fact, showing that Robert FitzRanulf had no connection with the murder.

After his father's death in 1070, his uncle Robert ' the Frisian ' broke his oath and disputed the succession.

After the attainder of 1716 the right of the Keiths of Ravelston to be recognized as the representatives of the Earls Marischal was disputed by Robert Keith ( 1681 – 1757 ), bishop of Fife, a member of another collateral branch of the family.

) Stevenson challenged the result on grounds of voter fraud, a charge widely acknowledged as accurate today on the basis of evidence presented by Johnson biographer Robert Caro, such as the testimony of Luis Salas, the Texas election judge who certified the disputed ballots.