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Robert Curthose ( c. 1054 – 3 February 1134 ), sometimes numbered Robert II or Robert III, was the Duke of Normandy from 1087 until 1106 and an unsuccessful claimant to the throne of the Kingdom of England.
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Robert and Curthose
He succeeded his elder brother William II as King of England in 1100 and defeated his eldest brother, Robert Curthose, to become Duke of Normandy in 1106.
In the following year, 1101, Robert Curthose, Henry's eldest brother, attempted to seize the crown by invading England.
On the morning of 28 September 1106, exactly 40 years after William had made his way to England, the decisive battle between his two surviving sons, Robert Curthose and Henry Beauclerc, took place in the small village of Tinchebray, in Lower Normandy.
In 1080, William sent his son Robert Curthose north with an army while his brother Odo punished the Northumbrians.
When William Rufus became king of England after his father's death, Malcolm did not intervene in the rebellions by supporters of Robert Curthose which followed.
In May, Malcolm marched south, not to raid and take slaves and plunder, but to besiege Newcastle, built by Robert Curthose in 1080.
The threat was enough to bring the English king back from Normandy, where he had been fighting Robert Curthose.
Unlike in 1072, Malcolm was prepared to fight, but a peace was arranged by Edgar Ætheling and Robert Curthose whereby Malcolm again acknowledged the overlordship of the English king.
* 1106 – The Battle of Tinchebrai – Henry I of England defeats his brother, Robert Curthose.
In 1106 he invaded and captured the Duchy of Normandy, controlled by his eldest brother, Robert Curthose, defeating Robert's army at the battle of Tinchebray.
The problem was further complicated by the sequence of unstable Anglo-Norman successions over the previous sixty years — William the Conqueror had gained England by force, William Rufus and Robert Curthose had fought a war between them to establish their inheritance, and Henry had only acquired control of Normandy by force.
He also allowed his son Robert Curthose to do homage to the new Count of Anjou, Geoffrey the Bearded.
He was the third of four sons, with the eldest being Robert Curthose, the second Richard, and the youngest Henry.
In 1096, William's brother Robert Curthose joined the First Crusade.
* Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy
* June 20 – Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy, lands in Portsmouth to try to take the throne from his brother, Henry.
On the other hand, he was successful on the whole in pursuing the policy of Geoffrey Martel in Maine: after destroying La Flèche, by the peace of Blanchelande ( 1081 ), he received the homage of Robert Curthose (" Courteheuse "), son of William the Conqueror, for Maine.
William the Aetheling having perished in the wreck of the White Ship ( 25 November 1120 ), Fulk, on his return from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land ( 1120 – 1121 ), married his second daughter Sibyl, at the instigation of Louis VI, to William Clito, son of Robert Curthose, and a claimant to the duchy of Normandy, giving her Maine for a dowry ( 1122 or 1123 ).
* February 10 – Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy
Ulf threw his lot in with Robert Curthose, who knighted him, and then disappeared from history.
Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy ( reigned 1087 – 1106 ) lost the throne of England to his younger brothers William II ( reigned 1087 – 1100 ) and Henry I ( reigned 1100 – 1135 ).
* Robert Curthose instigates his first insurrection against his father, William the Conqueror.
* September 28 – Henry I of England defeats his older brother Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy, at the Battle of Tinchebrai, and imprisons him in Devizes Castle ; Edgar Atheling and William Clito are also taken prisoner.
After King William's death in 1087 Edgar supported William's eldest son Robert Curthose, who succeeded him as Duke of Normandy, against his second son, William Rufus, who received the throne of England as William II.
The negotiations were conducted by Edgar on behalf of Malcolm and the newly reconciled Robert Curthose on behalf of William.
Robert and c
* Robert of Molesme ( c 1028 – 1111 )
* Robert of Arbrissel ( c 1045 – 1116 )
Elizabeth and her favourite, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, c. 1575.
Henry Ford's siblings include Margaret Ford ( 1867 – 1938 ); Jane Ford ( c. 1868 – 1945 ); William Ford ( 1871 – 1917 ) and Robert Ford ( 1873 – 1934 ).
# Agnes of France ( c. 1260 – 19 December 1327 ), married Robert II, Duke of Burgundy
The last stage of French lute music is exemplified by Robert de Visée ( c. 1655 – 1732 / 3 ), whose suites exploit the instrument's possibilities to the fullest.
Fulcher of Chartres was present at the Council, but his version of the speech was written c. 1100 – 1106 ; Robert the Monk may have been present, but his version dates from about 1106.
* Robert Rochester ( c. 1494 – 1557 ), English Roman Catholic and employee of Queen Mary I
: c. Robert M. Price points to the accounts of Adonis, Appollonius of Tyana, Asclepius, Attis, Empedocles, Hercules, Osiris, Oedipus, Romulus, Tammuz, and others.
File: Gainsborough-Andrews. jpg | Mr. and Mrs. Robert Andrews, ( c. 1748 – 1750 )
Robert Whitehead ( right ) with a battered test torpedo, Rijeka c. 1875
* October 3 – Robert Barclay, Scottish writer ( b. c. 1648 )
* July 9 – Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell, Scottish statesman ( b. c. 1493 )
** Robert Peake the Elder, English painter ( b. c. 1551 )
* July 13 – Robert Shirley, English adventurer ( b. c. 1581 )
* October 31 – Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, English politician ( b. c. 1090 )
* October 11 – Robert I of Dreux, son of Louis VI of France ( b. c. 1123 )
* February 25 – Robert of Arbrissel, an itinerant preacher, and founder of the abbey of Fontevrault ( b. c. 1045 )
* April 17 – Robert de Vere, 6th Earl of Oxford ( b. c. 1257 )
** Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie, Scottish chronicler ( b. c. 1532 )
* July 17 – Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset, Scottish politician ( b. c. 1590 )
* March 18 – Robert Charnock, English conspirator ( b. c. 1663 )
** Robert Recorde, Welsh physician and mathematician ( b. c. 1512 )
* February – Robert Lauder of The Bass, governor of Berwick-on-Tweed ( b. c. 1440 )
The six hole, diatonic system is also used on baroque flutes, and was of course well known before Robert Clarke began producing his tin whistles c. 1843.
0.201 seconds.