Roman aureus depicting Agrippina and Claudius, c. 50 / 54

Roman aureus minted under Domitian.

In the New Testament period, the only golden coin, the aureus, was worth approximately 3, 200 of the smallest bronze coin, the lepton ( translated into Latin as minuti ); while the Roman standard silver coin, the denarius, was worth 128 leptons.

A Roman aureus depicting Elagabalus.

Roman aureus depicting Elagabalus.

Roman aureus | aurei bearing the portraits of Mark Antony ( left ) and Octavian ( right ), issued in 41 BC to celebrate the establishment of the Second Triumvirate by Octavian, Antony and Marcus Lepidus in 43 BC.

Roman aureus depicting Elagabalus.

Roman aureus struck under the rule of Pertinax.

The Roman currency during most of the Roman Republic and the western half of the Roman Empire consisted of coins including the aureus ( gold ), the denarius ( silver ), the sestertius ( brass ), the dupondius ( brass ), and the as ( copper ).

A Roman aureus struck under Augustus, c. AD 13 – 14 ; the reverse shows Tiberius riding on a quadriga, celebrating the fifteenth renewal of his tribunal power.

Roman aureus minted in 83 during the reign of Domitian.

The solidus was reintroduced by Constantine I in 312 AD, permanently replacing the aureus as the gold coin of the Roman Empire.

The solidus was reintroduced by Constantine I in 312 AD, permanently replacing the aureus as the gold coin of the Roman Empire.

Analysis of the Roman aureus shows the purity level usually to have been near to 24 carat gold in excess of 99 %, 23 carat of 95. 83 % gold English Sovereign ( 1489 – 1604 ), 91. 7 % of 22 carat gold for the British Sovereign ( 1817 – 1917, 1925, 1957 – present ) and American Eagle ( 1795 – 1933 ), and 21. 6 carat of 90 % gold for the United States Gold Dollar ( 1849 – 1889 ).

Due to runaway inflation caused by the Roman government issuing base-metal coinage but refusing to accept anything other than silver or gold for tax payments, the value of the gold aureus in relation to denarii grew drastically.

Constantine introduced the solidus in 309, replacing the aureus as the standard gold coin of the Roman Empire.

It was patterned after the Roman aureus and its halves.

* Roman Empire — 1 aureus = 25 denarii

Aphilas produced the smallest gold coins ever minted in sub-saharan Africa, equivalent to one sixteenth of a Roman aureus.

In it was a single Roman grave covered over with roof tiles bearing short indecipherable inscriptions.

Moreover, Italian heraldry is dominated by the Roman Catholic Church, featuring many shields and achievements, most bearing some reference to the Church.

The reverse depicts an armed Roman soldier bearing a military standard in one hand and subduing a captive with the other, a reference to the military strength of the Roman Empire, and spells out VIRTVS EXERCITVS ROMANORVM, " the bravery / virtue of the Roman army ".

The best-known Roman bearing the name was the third-century usurper.

Archaeological finds in the area have mostly been from tombs, bearing witness to the fact that in the following periods of history-Hellenistic and Roman times-Pylos remained a flourishing burgh.

Krasicki was born in Dubiecko, on southern Poland's San River, into a family bearing the title of count of the Holy Roman Empire.

Two typical router bits: ( top ) a ¼-inch shaft Roman Ogee with bearing, ( bottom ) 1 / 4-inch shaft dovetail bit.

A poinçon bearing the head of Silenus in relief, discovered in Roman strata at Holt, Cheshire, is believed to be an artist's die, from which potters ' sunk dies would be cast, for appliqués

As part of the evidence for the Bill of Attainder, Cromwell produced a tunic bearing the Five Wounds of Christ, symbolizing Margaret's support for Roman Catholicism and the rule of her son Reginald and the king's Catholic daughter Mary.

Several states and provinces bearing the name of Pontus or variants thereof were established in the region in Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine times.

The most notable sanctuary hypothetically dedicated to Endovelicus, is the Roman Sanctuary of Panóias in Vila Real, Trás-os-Montes, with a complex system of " sinks " bearing Roman inscriptions.

A fragmentary altar bearing the Inscription MARTI CONDATI has been found in Bowes, near Barnard Castle in County Durham and another in Piercebridge, the site of a Roman fort, also in County Durham.

* Ostia appears briefly towards the end of the Roman Empire section of the 1981 comedy film History of the World, Part I, where the main characters board a galleon ( bearing the El Al logo ) bound for Judaea.

Inscriptions in Roman Britain bearing his name were partially erased suggesting some form of imperial displeasure during this role.

The chastity of the Vestals was considered to have a direct bearing on the health of the Roman state.

He disappears from history at that point, but coins bearing his portrait were issued by later Roman authorities.

Lord Twining suggested that just as the Holy Roman Emperors were crowned three times as king of Germany, king of Italy and Roman emperor, so the popes, to stress the equality of their spiritual authority to the temporal authority of the emperor, chose to be crowned with a tiara bearing three crowns.

In the Roman Catholic Church, an Agnus Dei is a disc of wax stamped with a representation of Jesus as a lamb bearing a cross and blessed by the Pope as a sacramental.

The earliest recovered example of a rolling element bearing is a wooden ball bearing supporting a rotating table from the remains of the Roman Nemi ships in Lake Nemi, Italy.

The Roman portraiture is representative of that genre ; examples include the portraits of Agrippa and Annius Verus ; among the bronzes is the Greek Apollo of Piombino.

The Galerie de l ' avant-cour had ceiling paintings by the Cardinal's chief portraitist, Philippe de Champaigne, celebrating the major events of the Cardinal's career ; the Galerie des hommes illustres had twenty-six historicizing portraits of great men, larger than life, from Abbot Suger to Louis XIII ; some were by Simon Vouet others were careful copies by Philippe de Champaigne from known portraits ; with them were busts of Roman emperors.

While painted Cartonnage mummy cases date back to pharaonic times, the Faiyum mummy portraits were an innovation dating to the Coptic period on time of the Roman occupation of Egypt .< ref > Berman, Lawrence, Freed, Rita E., and Doxey, Denise.

It is not clear whether those depicted are of Egyptian, Greek or Roman origin, nor whether the portraits were commonly used by all ethnicities.

Some portraits of men show sword-belts or even pommels, suggesting that they were members of the Roman military.

Some authors suggest that the idea of such portraits may be related to the custom among the Roman nobility of displaying imagines, images of their ancestors, in the atrium of their house.

In view of the near-total loss of Greek and Roman paintings, mummy portraits are today considered to be among the very rare examples of ancient art that can be seen to reflect " Great paintings " and especially Roman portrait painting.

Marble and bronze portraits of Greek and Roman emperors, collection of antique Greek vases from the 9th to 4th century, B. C.

Classical costumes had long been worn by fashionable ladies posing " as " some figure from Greek or Roman myth in a portrait ( in particular there was a rash of such portraits of the young " model " Emma, Lady Hamilton from the 1780s ), but such costumes were only worn for the portrait sitting and masquerade balls until the Revolutionary period, and perhaps, like other exotic styles, as undress at home.

One of these early, severe heads from the years 1769-70, influenced by Roman republican portraits, represents the well-known doctor Franz Anton Mesmer.

The art of the portrait flourished in Ancient Greek and especially Roman sculpture, where sitters demanded individualized and realistic portraits, even unflattering ones.

( Compare the portraits of Roman Emperors Constantine I and Theodosius I at their entries.

His guineas are notable for using five different portraits of the king, and the 1714 coin is notable for declaring him to be Prince Elector of the Holy Roman Empire.

The collection of Roman portraits is extensive.

Classically the designs carved onto cameo stones were either scenes of Greek or Roman mythology or portraits of rulers or important dignitaries.

While moneyers had earlier issued coins with portraits of ancestors, Caesar ’ s was the first Roman coinage to feature the portrait of a living individual.

From the time of Constantine until the " end " of the Roman Empire, coins featured indistinguishable, idealized portraits and general proclamations of greatness.

The individuality of portraits, a great strength of Roman art, declines sharply, and the anatomy and drapery of figures is shown with much less realism.

They are pictured in a few funerary portraits on shrouds from Antinoopolis in Roman Egypt.

Christian art began, about two centuries after Christ, by borrowing motifs from Roman Imperial imagery, classical Greek and Roman religion and popular art-the motif of Christ in Majesty owes something to both Imperial portraits and depictions of Zeus.