According to scholar Alan Dundes, who wrote extensively on the topic, the custom originated among Romani Gypsies in Wales ( Welsh Kale Gypsies ) and England ( English Romanichal Gypsies ).

1495-1527 ), in a work falsely attributed to Petrarch ( 1304 – 74 ), wrote in his Chronica de le Vite de Pontefici et Imperadori Romani that after Pope Joan had been revealed as a woman:

In a letter dated September 1, 1831, Bellini wrote to the soprano Giuditta Pasta that " Romani believes this subject will be very effective, and absolutely ideal for your encyclopedic character, because that is the kind of character Norma has ".

He also published an edition of George Buchanan's works, continued Graevius's major work, Thesaurus Antiquitatum et Historiarum Italiae, and wrote a treatise De Vectigalibus Populi Romani ( 1694 ) and a short manual of Roman antiquities, Antiquitatum Romanarum Brevis Descriptio ( 1711 ).

As the first Romani immigrants arrived in England a century before Shakespeare wrote The Tempest, the Bard may have been influenced by their exotic looks and manners.

Felice Romani wrote the Italian libretto, after Eugène Scribe's libretto for Daniel Auber's Le philtre ( 1831 ).

Felice Romani wrote the Italian libretto after Ippolito Pindemonte's Enrico VIII ossia Anna Bolena and Alessandro Pepoli's Anna Bolena, both telling of the life of Anne Boleyn.

Felice Romani wrote the Italian libretto after the play by Victor Hugo, in its turn after the legend of Lucrezia Borgia.

Felice Romani ( January 31, 1788January 28, 1865 ) was an Italian poet and scholar of literature and mythology who wrote many librettos for the opera composers Donizetti and Bellini.

Romani mourned him deeply and wrote an obituary in which he expressed his profound regrets over their disagreement.

His examination of archives during his travels had awakened in him a taste for historical research, and under his rule St. Blaise's became a notable centre of the methodical study of history ; it was here that Marquard Herrgott wrote his Monumenta domus Austriacae, of which the first two volumes were edited, for the second edition, by Gerbert, who also published a Codex epistolaris Rudolphi I., Romani regis ( 1772 ) and De Rudolpho Suevico comite de Rhinfelden, duce et rege, deque ejus familia ( 1785 ) ( cf Rudolf of Rheinfelden ).

Crassus laid siege to fort, but had to enlist the assistance of Rholes, the Getan petty king to dislodge them, for which service Rholes was granted the title of socius et amicus populi Romani (" ally and friend of the Roman people ").

The classic example is Franz Liszt's famous Hungarian Rhapsodies for piano, which he based on popular art songs performed by Romani bands of the time.

Twice in Europe's history, for example, Romani people were the target of genocide.

Liber Iudiciorum ( completed in 654 ) abolished the old tradition of having different laws for Romans and for Visigoths, so that legal distinctions were no longer made between Romani and Gothi, coalescing them into Hispani.

An atypical figure among Holocaust perpetrators, Antonescu enforced policies independently responsible for the deaths of as many as 400, 000 people, most of them Bessarabian, Ukrainian and Romanian Jews, as well as Romani Romanians.

Wissowa argued that while Jupiter is the god of the Fides Publica Populi Romani as Iuppiter Lapis ( by whom important oaths are sworn ), Dius Fidius is a deity established for everyday use and was charged with the protection of good faith in private affairs.

Expulsions of Jews and of Romani people reflect the power of state control that has been applied as a tool, in the form of expulsion edicts, laws, mandates, etc., over them for centuries.

Romani people supposedly still eat it, boiled or roasted, and also use the blood and the fat for its supposed medicinal value.

One example, in a 1997 study, of a group with a preference for females was Romani in Hungary, a low status group.

Romani is conservative in maintaining almost intact the Middle Indo-Aryan present-tense person concord markers, and in maintaining consonantal endings for nominal case – both features that have been eroded in most other modern languages of Central India.

Wissowa argues that while Jupiter is the god of the Fides Publica Populi Romani as Iuppiter Lapis, by whom the most important oaths are sworn, Dius Fidius is a peculiar deity established for the everyday use, i. e. in charge of the protection of good faith in private affairs: he would be the correspondent of Ζευς Πίστιος.

Names for such phenomena include Wagenburg, Wagendorf or Bauwagenplatz ( all German, meaning: " wagon fort ", " trailer village " and " construction trailer place " respectively ) and people living there are often associated with certain ethnic groups such as Romani, or with the punk movement, New age travelers, Irish travelers and a do-it-yourself punk ethic.

In 1971, an international meeting of Romany people was held at Orpington, this Orpington Congress marked the founding of the International Romani Union, a group seeking political representation for Romanis throughout Europe.

I Minervia and V Macedonica, under the legates M. Claudius Fronto and P. Martius Verus, served under Statius Priscus in Armenia, earning success for Roman arms during the campaign season of 163 ,< ref > Birley, " Hadrian to the Antonines ", 161 – 62, citing Prosopographia Imperii Romani < sup > 2 </ sup > C 874 ( Claudius Fronto ); Prosopographia Imperii Romani < sup > 2 </ sup > M 348 .</ ref > including the capture of the Armenian capital Artaxata.

He was probably the first senator in his family .< ref > Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 130, citing Prosopographia Imperii Romani < sup > 2 </ sup > C 874 .</ ref > Fronto was consul for 165, probably in honor of the capture of Edessa.

In terms of its grammatical structures, Romani is conservative in maintaining almost intact the Middle Indo-Aryan present-tense person concord markers, and in maintaining consonantal endings for nominal case – both features that have been eroded in most other modern Indo-Aryan languages.

Characteristic for Romani is the fusion of postpositions of the second Layer ( or case marking clitics ) to the nominal stem, and the emergence of external tense morphology that attaches to the person suffix.

A project at Manchester University in England is transcribing Romani dialects, many of which are on the brink of extinction, for the first time.

Matras ( 2002, 2005 ) has argued for a theory of geographical classification of Romani dialects, which is based on the diffusion in space of innovations.

However, In the early days of Third Reich, the Romanies posed a problem for Hitler ’ s racial ideologues: the Romani language is one of the Indo-Aryan languages, originating in northern India.

On December 16, 1942, Himmler ordered that the Romani candidates for extermination should be deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau.

* January 28-Felice Romani, librettist for Donizetti and Bellini ( b. 1788 )

Il pirata was a resounding immediate success and began Bellini's faithful and fruitful collaboration with the librettist and poet Felice Romani, and cemented his friendship with his favored tenor Giovanni Battista Rubini, who had sung in Bianca e Gernando.

* Vincenzo Bellini and Felice Romani – " Casta Diva " from Bellini's Norma, performed by Angela Gheorghiu and the London Symphony Orchestra, directed by Evelino Pido – recorded in 2000 ( scenes 11, 14, 28, 36 ) and Bellini's Il pirata ( scenes 16, 26 )

* Il fanatico per gli antiche Romani ( spring 1777 Naples Teatro San Giovanni dei Fiorentini )

* Saverio Mercadante's 1833 opera Il Conte d ' Essex with libretto by Felice Romani

* Sylvano Bussotti, nudi ritratti e disegnini, sketches with poems by Romani Brizzi, Trucchi e Bussotti, Il polittico edition, Roma, 1991.

This version was the source of the opera Il pirata, libretto by Felice Romani, music by Vincenzo Bellini, premiered at La Scala of Milan in 1827.

* Girolamo Romani detto Il Romanino – Crucifixion.

* La Comtesse Romani ( 1876 ) coll.

At the house of her colleague, Catherine Trianon, La Voisin constructed a plan to kill the king together with the poisoners Trianon, Bertrand and Romani, the last being also the fiancé of her daughter.

La sonnambula ( The Sleepwalker ) is an opera semiseria in two acts, with music in the bel canto tradition by Vincenzo Bellini to an Italian libretto by Felice Romani, based on a scenario for a ballet-pantomime by Eugène Scribe and Jean-Pierre Aumer called La somnambule, ou L ' arrivée d ' un nouveau seigneur.

* D ' Aversa, Arnaldo: " La Valle Padana tra Etruschi, Celti e Romani ", PAIDEIA, Brescia 1986, 101 p. ill., 21 cm, ISBN 88-394-0381-7

In 1976, at the age of 25, Camarón married Dolores Montoya, a Romani girl from La Línea de la Concepción whom he nicknamed " La Chispa " ( The Spark ).

That same year " La Provinciale " was cinematically adapted by Mario Soldati ; in 1954 Luigi Zampa directed La Romana, and in 1955 Gianni Franciolini directed I Racconti Romani (" The Roman Stories ") ( 1954 ) a short collection that won the Marzotto Award.

* La giornata balorda ( From a Roman Balcony, 1960 ) ( based on Racconti Romani of Alberto Moravia )

* Romani, poisoner, associate of La Voisin ; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet at Château de Besançon.