The myth was perpetuated by Romeyn de Hooghe's Spiegel van Staat der Vereenigden Nederlanden (" Mirror of the State of the United Netherlands ", 1706 ), which also ran to many editions, and it was revived in the atmosphere of Romantic nationalism in the late eighteenth-century reforms that saw a short-lived Batavian Republic and, in the colony of the Dutch East Indies, a capital ( now Jakarta ) that was named Batavia.

* Romantic nationalism

Yet his idea, which emerged in the context of the ethnocentric and nationalistic scholarship of the late 18th and 19th centuries, gained traction and was modified over time to support Romantic nationalism and Turanism.

# REDIRECT Romantic nationalism

Romanticist interest in non-classical antiquity coincided with the rise of Romantic nationalism and the rise of the nation state in the context of the 1848 revolutions, leading to the creation of national epics and national myths for the various newly formed states.

Romantic nationalism ( also national romanticism, organic nationalism, identity nationalism ) is the form of nationalism in which the state derives its political legitimacy as an organic consequence of the unity of those it governs.

The ideas of Rousseau ( 1712-1778 ) and of Johann Gottfried von Herder ( 1744-1803 ) inspired much aarly Romantic nationalism in Europe.

Romantic nationalism formed a key strand in the philosophy of Hegel ( 1770-1831 ), who argued that there was a " spirit of the age " or zeitgeist that inhabited a particular people at a particular time, and that, when that people became the active determiner of history, it was simply because their cultural and political moment had come.

Rossini's opera William Tell ( 1829 ) marked the onset of the Romantic Opera, using the central national myth unifying Switzerland ; and in Brussels, a riot ( August 1830 ) after an opera that set a doomed romance against a background of foreign oppression ( Auber's La Muette de Portici ) sparked the Belgian Revolution of 1830-1831, the first successful revolution in the model of Romantic nationalism.

Under the influence of romantic nationalism, among economic and political forces, both Germany and Italy found political unity, and movements to create nations similarly based upon ethnic groups would flower in the Balkans ( see for example, the Carinthian Plebiscite, 1920 ), along the Baltic Sea, and in the interior of Central Europe, where in the eventual outcome, the Habsburgs succumbed to the surge of Romantic nationalism.

Romantic nationalism inspired the collection of folklore by such people as the Brothers Grimm.

The concept of a " national epic ", an extensively mythologized legendary work of poetry of defining importance to a certain nation, is another product of Romantic nationalism.

The " discovery " of Beowulf in a single manuscript, first transcribed in 1818, came under the impetus of Romantic nationalism, after the manuscript had lain as an ignored curiosity in scholars ' collections for two centuries.

Many other " national epics ," epic poetry considered to reflect the national spirit, were produced or revived under the influence of Romantic nationalism: particularly in the Russian Empire, national minorities seeking to assert their own identities in the face of Russification produced new national poetry – either out of whole cloth, or from cobbling together folk poetry, or by resurrecting older narrative poetry.

: Main articles: Musical nationalism and National Romantic style ( architecture ).

Romantic musical nationalism is exemplified by the work of Bedřich Smetana, especially the symphonic poem " Vltava ".

Romantic nationalism, which had begun as a revolt against " foreign " kings and overlords, had come full circle, and was being used to make the case for a " Greater Germany " which would rule over Europe.

Proposed that language determines thought, introduced concepts of ethnic study and nationalism, influential on later Romantic thinkers.

During the second half of the 19th century, Tartu was the cultural center for Estonians in the era of Romantic nationalism.

Subtitled From Romantic to Revolutionary, it was part of an effort by the Communist Party Historians ' Group, inspired by Torr, to emphasise the domestic roots of Marxism in Britain at a time when the Communist Party was under attack for always following the Moscow line.

New Wave became a catch-all term, encompassing disparate styles such as 2 Tone ska, the mod revival inspired by The Jam, the sophisticated pop-rock of Elvis Costello and XTC, the New Romantic phenomenon typified by Ultravox, synthpop groups like Tubeway Army ( which had started out as a straight-ahead punk band ) and Human League, and the sui generis subversions of Devo, who had gone " beyond punk before punk even properly existed ".

In the Balkans, Romantic views of a connection with classical Greece, which inspired Philhellenism infused the Greek War of Independence ( 1821-1832 ), in which the Scottish Romantic poet Lord Byron was mortally wounded.

In Finland, the reassembly of the national epic, the Kalevala, inspired paintings and murals in the National Romantic style that substituted there for the international Art Nouveau styles.

The beginning of the decade was marked by the New Romantic movement and later by fashion inspired by heavy metal bands, including teased hair, ripped jeans and neon clothing.

This event inspired the Romantic movement, particularly Adam Mickiewicz, who gave the story a poetic form.

Her reputation was further damaged when many of the Romantic poets she had inspired in the heyday of the French Revolution turned against her in their later, more conservative, years.

Thierry was also inspired by Romantic literature, such as Chateaubriand's Les Martyrs, and Walter Scott's novels.

Much of the appeal of the series stems from its extensive use of references and allusions from a wide array of thinkers such as Teilhard de Chardin, John Muir, Norbert Wiener, and to the poetry of John Keats, a famous English Romantic poet of the 19th century, Norse Mythology, and the monk Ummon ; a large number of technological elements are acknowledged by Simmons to be inspired by elements of Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World.

Simple living and self-sufficiency were Thoreau's other goals, and the whole project was inspired by transcendentalist philosophy, a central theme of the American Romantic Period.

Romantic passion is inspired by women who wear corsets.

The 19th century saw the emergence of a number of Danish composers inspired by Romantic nationalism.

Twain wrote the book as a burlesque of Romantic notions of chivalry after being inspired by a dream in which he was a knight himself, and severely inconvenienced by the weight and cumbersome nature of his armor.

" Texts on Catalonia's history — inspired by the Romantic philosophy of history — laid the foundations of a Catalanist movement.

De Rada was the harbinger and first audible voice of the Romantic movement in Albanian literature, a movement which, inspired by his unfailing energy on behalf of national awakening among Albanians in Italy and in the Balkans, was to evolve into the romantic nationalism characteristic of the Rilindja period in Albania.

The Romantic generation of tourists might not actually visit Fingal's Cave, located in the isolated Hebrides, but they heard of it, perhaps through Felix Mendelssohn's " Hebrides Overture ", better known as " Fingal's Cave ," which was inspired by his visit.

Throughout Europe, the Romantic movement inspired a great revival of interest in folklore, folk tales, and folk music ; even Beethoven was commissioned to produce a set of arrangements of Scottish folk-songs.

Meanwhile, inspired by Sir Walter Scott's novels, Hauff wrote the historical romance Lichtenstein: Romantische Sage aus der wuerttembergischen Geschichte ( 1826 ; Lichtenstein: Romantic Saga from the History of Württemberg ), which became hugely popular in Germany and especially in Swabia, treating as it did the most interesting period in the history of that country, the reign of Duke Ulrich ( 1487 – 1550 ).

Romantic artists were inspired by the beauty of wilderness, like the painter Ludwig Richter or the composer Carl Maria von Weber, who set his famous opera Der Freischütz with its Wolfsschlucht (" Wolf's Gorge ") scene set near the town of Rathen.

Romantic composer Felix Mendelssohn visited in 1829 and wrote Die Hebriden ( in English, Hebrides Overture Opus 26, commonly known as Fingal's Cave overture ), inspired by the weird echoes in the cave.

The French Romantic movement, in both art and literature, was inspired by him.

" Following this in a 1934 analysis of Romantic poetry, Margaret Sherwood stated that the poem was " a perfect expression of the phase of primitive feeling and dim thought in regard to earth processes when these are passing into a thought of personality.