In the mid-1990s, Russia remained the most important sponsor of Kazakhstan in economic and national security matters, but in such matters Nazarbayev also backed the strengthening of the multinational structures of the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ), the loose confederation that succeeded the Soviet Union.

A Russian senator who backed the church, invited it to hold its event in Federal Assembly of Russia.

As of early July 2007 the draft resolution, backed by the United States, the United Kingdom and other European members of the Security Council, was rewritten four times to try to accommodate Russian concerns, and despite talks between the Presidents of Russia and the United States.

In 1737, after the War of the Polish Succession, Lorraine was part of an agreement between France, the House of Habsburg and the Lorraine House of Vaudémont: The Duchy was given to Stanisław Leszczyński, the former king of Poland and father-in-law to King Louis XV of France, who despite French support had lost out to a candidate backed by Russia and Austria in the War of the Polish Succession.

With his political and diplomatic skills backed by Japanese military's strong presence, Itō laid the foundation for Japan's colonization of Korea and expansion into Manchuria, China and Russia during the World War II.

The " Beilis trial " of 1913 caused an international uproar and Russia backed down in the face of world indignation.

After returning from the Congress, Salisbury confessed that by supporting Austria-Hungary instead of Russia, the British had " backed the wrong horse.

After the U. S. backed the 2011 military intervention in Libya by NATO forces, Morales condemned Obama, calling for his Nobel Peace Prize to be revoked ; in this he was backed by Vladimir Zhirinovsky, leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia.

Putin's principal opponents were the former Prime Minister Evgeny Primakov and the Mayor of MoscowYuri Luzhkov, backed by the alliance Fatherland-All Russia.

Basayev received direct military training from the GRU since the Abkhaz were backed by Russia.

After returning from the Congress, Salisbury confessed that — in supporting Austria-Hungary instead of Russia — the British had " backed the wrong horse.

After returning from the Congress of Berlin, Salisbury confessed that in supporting Austria-Hungary instead of Russia, the British had " backed the wrong horse.

Then, backed by German threats of war, Austria – Hungary exposed Russia's weakness by forcing Russia to disavow support for Serbia.

When Britain threatened to declare war over the terms of the Treaty of San Stefano, an exhausted Russia backed down.

He also claims to have funded numerous marijuana activist groups, paid for several major legal challenges to aspects of Canada's cannabis laws, and made large donations to various pro-pot ballot initiatives in US states such as California, Nevada, Alaska and Arizona, plus financially backed pro-cannabis activities in New Zealand, Australia, Russia and elsewhere around the world.

Further reforms, however, were blocked by Russia and Prussia ; and conservative opponents of the Familia and the King, backed by Russia's Catherine II, in 1767 formed the Radom Confederation and at the infamous Repnin Sejm abolished part of the recently introduced reforms.

In the spring of 1998, Yeltsin removed Chernomyrdin as head of government and in 1999 Yeltsin's administration backed a newly formed party, Unity, instead of Our Home – Russia.

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe ( OSCE ), the European Union, and the United States backed the legislation, while Russia opposed it.

Russia backed his government until March 2010.

After winning the war in Europe, the Allied powers militarily backed the pro-Tsarist, anti-Bolshevik White forces in Russia.

Several historians have asserted that despite its treaty with Russia, Lithuania was very close to being taken over by local communist forces that were backed by the Bolsheviks.

The Amber Room is a complete chamber decoration of amber panels backed with gold leaf and mirrors in Tsarskoye Selo, Russia.

Nevertheless it gained support from Serbia's allies, Greece, Russia, and Romania.

The outbreak of the February Revolution in Russia had withdrawn Serbia's Major Power champion from the diplomatic table.

W. H. Chamberlin claims, " It is simply impossible to believe that the Cheka only put to death 12, 733 people in all of Russia up to the end of the civil war.

The legal status of these territories has not been fully settled yet, though neither Estonia or Russia has not any territorial claims.

Prominent issues in Hellenic foreign policy include the claims in the Aegean Sea and Eastern Mediterranean by Turkey, the Turkish occupation of Cyprus, the dispute over the name of the Republic of Macedonia ( recognized under the provisional denomination of " former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia "), and relations with the United States and Russia.

Recently, there has been much interest in the possibility of exploiting seabed resources in the Arctic Ocean, bordered by Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Russia and the United States ( see Territorial claims in the Arctic ).

As part of its current policy of ' status quo ', the ROC has not renounced claims over the territories currently controlled by the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and Tuvan Republic in Russia, Northern Burma and some Central Asian states bordering areas.

Norway ( ratified the convention in 1996 ), Russia ( ratified in 1997 ), Canada ( ratified in 2003 ) and Denmark ( ratified in 2004 ) have all launched projects to base claims that certain areas of Arctic continental shelves should be subject to their sole sovereign exploitation.

Cyril Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Russia, a descendant of Alexander II of Russia, claimed the title Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias in 1924 and his descendant retains such claims.

Norway retains a restrictive fisheries policy in the zone, and the claims are disputed by Russia.

Norway claims a Fishery protection zone, but this is not recognized by neighboring Russia.

A third perspective claims that Stalinism's repressive actions were an extension of the prevailing authoritarian and repressive political culture that originated in Tsarist Russia.

Although the Government of Turkmenistan claims to favour trade with and export to the United States and Turkey, it has significant commercial relationships with Russia and Iran and a growing cross-border trade with Afghanistan.

* Russia claims to have tested the most powerful " Vacuum " weapon

The treaty meant that Bolshevist Russia renounced territorial claims to Estonia " for all time ".

In exchange for Russian support, he agreed to give up any remaining Polish claims to Livonia, and promised to Anna of Russia her choice of successor to the Duchy of Courland, a Polish fief ( of which she had been duchess prior to her ascension to the Russian throne ) which would have otherwise come under direct Polish rule on the death of the current duke, Ferdinand Kettler, who had no heirs.

* February 17 – A woman named Anna Anderson tries to commit suicide in Berlin and is taken to a mental hospital, where she claims she is Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia.

August II was forced to sign the Treaty of Altranstädt in 1706 in which he made peace with the Swedish Empire, renounced his claims to the Polish – Lithuanian crown, accepted Stanisław Leszczyński as king, and ended his alliance with Russia.

After the annexation of Georgia in 1801 Leonida's family were deemed ordinary nobility in Imperial Russia rather than royalty, leading to claims that her 1948 marriage to Vladimir ( who, however, also belonged to a deposed dynasty by then ) was unequal.

However, some princely titles develop in unusual ways, such as adoption of a style for dynasts which is not pegged to the ruler's title, but rather continues an old tradition ( e. g. grand duke in Romanov Russia ), claims dynastic succession to a lost monarchy ( e. g. prince de Tarente for the La Trémoïlle heirs to the Neapolitan throne, or is simply assumed by fiat ( e. g. prince Français by the House of Bonaparte ).

In May 1997, Russia and Ukraine signed the Peace and Friendship Treaty, ruling out Moscow's territorial claims to Ukraine.

*" The Uncertain Return of Russian Power ", by Mike Haynes, analyses Putin's Russia and looks at claims that the reassertion of Russian power is leading to a new Cold War.

The Austrian pullout forced Russia to accept peace at Niš ', giving up its claims to Crimea and Moldavia, being allowed to build a port at Azov but not to build fortifications there or have any fleet in the Black Sea.

On the basis of its being an extension of Hokkaidō, geographically and culturally, Japan again proclaimed sovereignty over the whole island in 1845, as well as the Kuril Islands, as there were competing claims from Russia.

Following the Opium War, Russia forced China to sign the Treaty of Aigun ( 1858 ) and Convention of Peking ( 1860 ), under which China lost to Russia all claims to all territories north of Heilongjiang ( Amur ) and east of Ussuri, including Sakhalin.