Sir Henry Sumner Maine, a hundred years before Communism was a force to be reckoned with, wrote his brilliant legal generalization, that `` the progress of society is from status to contract ''.

At various times in the more than 100 years that have elapsed since the song was written, particularly during the John F. Kennedy administration, there have been efforts to give " America the Beautiful " legal status either as a national hymn, or as a national anthem equal to, or in place of, " The Star-Spangled Banner ", but so far this has not succeeded.

Originally, the Church of England was self-contained and relied for its unity and identity on its own history, its traditional legal and episcopal structure and its status as an established church of the state.

A monastery must have been granted the status of an abbey by the Pope, and such monasteries are normally raised to this level after showing a degree of stability — a certain number of monks in vows, a certain number of years of establishment, a certain firmness to the foundation in economic, vocational and legal aspects.

The state governments installed by Johnson all passed Black Codes that gave the freedmen subordinate legal status.

Due to the legal status of ayahuasca in much of the West, those who have been exploring its therapeutic potential are unable to do so openly.

The legal status in the United States of DMT-containing plants is somewhat questionable.

Activists ' goals are for an end to the legal status of " corporate personhood " and the dissolution of free market fundamentalism and the radical economic privatization measures of the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and World Trade Organization.

West Berlin was now de facto a part of West Germany with a unique legal status, while East Berlin was de facto a part of East Germany.

In addition, owing to the city's legal status, citizens of West Berlin were unable to vote in elections to the Bundestag, and were instead represented by 20 non-voting delegates, indirectly elected by the city's House of Representatives.

Treasury notes had full legal tender status and were not convertible for gold through the Bank of England, replacing the gold coin in circulation to prevent a run on sterling and to enable raw material purchases for armament production.

Bankruptcy is a legal status of an insolvent person or an organisation, that is, one who cannot repay the debts they owe to creditors.

Bankruptcy is not the only legal status that an insolvent person or organisation may have, and the term bankruptcy is therefore not the same as insolvency.

Similar structures have been created under different types of legal status over the years in Israel, notably Kiryat Haim in Haifa, Jaffa in Tel Aviv-Yafo and Ramot and Gilo in Jerusalem.

FAT lost its status as the legal state army when Malloum's civil and military administration disintegrated in 1979.

Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.

For example, recently several bird classified as threatened with extinction appeared in the legal wild bird trade because the CITES process never considered their status.

The certification assessment process, for some organizations, is very similar or even the same as licensure and may differ only in terms of legal status, while in other organizations, can be quite different and more comprehensive than that of licensure.

certification and licensure differ only in terms of legal status.

Despite the legal status of the Dublin Region, the term " County Dublin " is still in common usage.

A list of firearms not covered by the NFA due to their antique status may be found here or due to their Curio and Relic status may be found here ; these lists includes a number of carbines with barrels less than the minimum legal length and firearms that are " primarily collector's items and are not likely to be used as weapons and, therefore, are excluded from the provisions of the National Firearms Act.

Today, the crossbow often has a complicated legal status due to the possibility of lethal use and its similarities to both firearms and archery weapons.

When having legal status recognized, or defined in law, as in ancient China, concubinage was akin, although inferior, to marriage.

Their state was fixed for life ; they were frequently despised wherever they went, and there was no legal way for them to escape from their inferior status.

However, in the context of legal and civic policy, these controversies are less than novel.

Are they encouraged to take full legal advantage of these benefits??

By virtue of the legal responsibilities of the Department of Employment in the farm placement program, we necessarily found ourselves in the middle between these two forces.

There is no corresponding right to a writ in any pure or continental civil law legal systems, though some mixed systems such as Quebec recognize these prerogative writs.

If unchallenged, these decisions have the power to settle more minor legal disputes once and for all.

If the demands of these two sovereigns upon his duty of allegiance come into conflict, those of the United States have the paramount authority in American law ; likewise, those of the foreign land have paramount authority in their legal system.

Indeed, the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in Article 6 requires these features in the legal systems of its signatory states.

There were two more nominal bishops, but on the petition of the latter of these, the electoral prince John George, the secularisation of the bishopric was undertaken and finally accomplished, in spite of legal proceedings to reassert the imperial immediacy of the prince-bishopric within the Empire and so to likewise preserve the diocese, which dragged on into the seventeenth century.

Most legal systems require sufficient notice to be given to all directors of these meetings, and that a quorum must be present before any business may be conducted.

There also can be a lack of determining " knowledge-appropriate " communication, as when someone uses ambiguous legal words, or medical jargon, when speaking with another person that lacks understanding in these areas.

When these principles are written down into a single collection or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to comprise a written constitution.

* categorizing and prioritizing rights to property — for example, the same article of property often has a " legal title " and an " equitable title ," and these two groups of ownership rights may be held by different people.

The degree to which these external factors should influence adjudication is the subject of active debate, but that judges do draw of learning from other fields and jurisdictions is a fact of modern legal life.

Aside from these core elements, a civilization is often marked by any combination of a number of secondary elements, including a developed transportation system, writing, standardized measurement, currency, contractual and tort-based legal systems, characteristic art and architecture, mathematics, enhanced scientific understanding, metallurgy, political structures, and organized religion.

This left the Rump basically a conservative body whose vested interests in the existing land ownership and legal systems made them unlikely to want to reform these.

The Austrian Supreme Court, in a recent judgment, has confirmed the legal admissibility of these lawsuits under the condition that all claims are essentially based on the same grounds.

Often, in American legal and business documents that speak of governing bodies ( e. g., a board that governs small businesses in China ) these bodies are described as " creatures of statute " to inform readers of their origins and format although the national governments that created them may not term them as creatures of statute.

Studies of these specific areas may be viewed as micro-or macro-comparative legal analysis, i. e. detailed comparisons of two countries, or broad-ranging studies of several countries.

Despite the differences between comparative law and these other legal fields, comparative law helps inform all of these areas of normativity.

" Poll " is an archaic legal term referring to documents with straight edges ; these distinguished a deed binding only one person from one affecting more than a single person ( an " indenture ", so named during the time when such agreements would be written out repeatedly on a single sheet, then the copies separated by being irregularly torn or cut, i. e. " indented ", so that each party had a document with corresponding tears, to discourage forgery ).

To demonstrate the indeterminacy of legal doctrine, these scholars often adopts a method, such as structuralism in linguistics or deconstruction in continental philosophy, to make explicit the deep structure of categories and tensions at work in legal texts and talk.

Sociologist Helmut Schoeck similarly considered envy the motive of collective efforts by society to reduce the disproportionate gains of successful individuals through moral or legal constraints, with altruism being primary among these.