Other languages also have a separate word for a full day, such as vuorokausi in Finnish, ööpäev in Estonian, dygn in Swedish, døgn in Danish, døgn in Norwegian, sólarhringur in Icelandic, etmaal in Dutch, doba in Polish, сутки ( sutki ) in Russian, суткі ( sutki ) in Belarusian, доба ́ ( doba ) in Ukrainian, денонощие in Bulgarian and יממה in Hebrew.

Many of the coinages that have been considered ( often by Aavik himself ) as words concocted ex nihilo could well have been influenced by foreign lexical items, for example words from Russian, German, French, Finnish, English and Swedish.

Bulwer-Lytton's works of fiction and non-fiction were translated in his day and since then into many languages, including Serbian ( by Laza Kostic ), German, Russian, Norwegian, Swedish, French, Finnish, and Spanish.

Discontent with Russian rule, Finnish national identity, and World War I eventually caused Finland to break away from Russia, taking advantage of the fact that Russia was withdrawing from World War I and a revolution was starting in earnest.

* 1808 – Without a previous declaration of war, Russian troops cross the border to Sweden at Abborfors in eastern Finland, thus beginning the Finnish war, in which Sweden will lose the eastern half of the country ( i. e. Finland ) to Russia.

Additionally, in some languages a " concourse " ( Swedish konkurs, Finnish konkurssi, German Konkurs ) takes its meaning from " concourse of debtors "; that is, it means bankruptcy, while in Russian конкурс takes one more meaning and refers to contest.

Long divided culturally between majority Finnish speakers and minority Swedish speakers, Finns found common ground in opposition to the policy of Russian integration begun in 1899.

The main factors behind the Finnish Civil War were World War I, the collapse of the Russian Empire, and the February and October Revolutions of 1917.

Both the Russian and German empires had political, economic and military interests in the Finnish region.

These developments also encouraged Finnish nationalism and cultural unity through the birth of the Fennoman movement, which bound the Finns to the domestic governmental system and led to the idea that the Finnish Grand Duchy was an increasingly autonomous part of the Russian Empire.

In 1899 the Russian Empire initiated a policy of integration through Russification in the Finnish Grand Duchy.

The power struggle between the Finnish estates and the Russian administration had given them a concrete role model and space for the labor movement.

The Russian royal family had been the most autocratic and conservative rulers in Europe, and the Finnish people had experienced it by way of the four Finnish estates.

Altogether, these political developments led to conditions that encouraged a struggle for leadership of the Finnish state, during the ten years before the collapse of the Russian Empire.

Workers demanded food and a complete shifting of legislative power from the Russian Provisional Government | Russian government to the Parliament of Finland | Finnish parliament.

The Provisional Government refused to accept the " Power Act " and sent more Russian troops to Finland, where, with the co-operation and support of Finnish conservatives, Parliament was dissolved and new elections announced.

After the Finnish non-socialists won the October 1917 Parliamentary elections, they established an informal truce with the Russian Provisional Government, a situation which was completely disrupted by the Bolshevist revolution in October.

Russian Bolshevik Joseph Stalin visited the meeting, demanding that the Finnish socialists carry out revolution, and tried to push the Social Democrats forward by promising independence to Finland.

On 15 January, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, like Aaltonen a former officer in the Russian army, was appointed supreme commander of the White Guards, and on 25 January the Senate renamed the White Guards the Finnish White Army.

In order to gain weaponry, some of the Red Guards located along the Viipuri-Tampere railway had been alerted beforehand, on 23 – 26 January, to safeguard Russian trains carrying a heavy shipment of weapons to the Finnish Reds, as agreed between Ali Aaltonen and V. I.

In foreign policy, the Vaasa Senate leaned on the German Empire for military and political aid, in order to defeat the Finnish Red Guards, end the influence of Bolshevist Russia in Finland, and expand Finnish territory to Russian Karelia.

In 1983, Estonian stage and film actress Ita Ever starred in the Russian language film adaptation of Agatha Christie's novel A Pocket Full of Rye ( using the Russian edition's translated title, The Secret of the Blackbirds ) as the character of Miss Marple.

* Aleksandra Latvian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Estonian, Macedonian, Polish, Russian, Serbian

Estonia's immediate priority after regaining its independence was the withdrawal of Russian ( formerly Soviet ) forces from Estonian territory.

When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages ( Russian being the other one ).

The Russian language was termed as ‘ the language of friendship of nations ’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten.

Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German ( initially Middle Low German, later also standard German ), and Russian, though it is not related to them genetically.

A computer-based course in colloquial Estonian using English, German, French, Russian, Italian, Dutch, Romanian, Greek, or Hungarian as the source language.

* Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church < nowiki >*</ nowiki > ( autonomy recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarchate but not by the Russian Orthodox Church )

In part, this division in modes of thought reflected social differences between the northern ( Estonian and Lithuanian ) Jews and the southern Jews of Poland and the western Russian Empire.

Its relatives can be found throughout the world, including Estonian kannel, Russian gusli, Latvian kokle, and Lithuanian kanklės.

Wilhelm Grimm collected versions in Serbian, Romanian, Estonian, Finnish, Russian, and German.

Albanian, Arabic, Assyrian ( VSO and VOS are also followed, depending on the person ), Berber, Bulgarian, Chinese, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Italian, Ganda, Greek, Hausa, Hebrew, Javanese, Kashmiri, Khmer, Latvian, Macedonian, Polish, Portuguese, Quiche, Rotuman, Russian, Serbian, Spanish, Swahili, Thai, Vietnamese, Yoruba and Zulu are examples of languages that can follow an SVO pattern.

In Russian, the city has been known as Юрьев ( Yuryev ) after Yaroslav I the Wise and Дерпт ( Derpt ), a variant of Dorpat ( however, since 1917 the Estonian name Tartu has been used ).

The Russian imperial university was relocated to Voronezh in 1918, but the Estonian University of Tartu opened in 1919.

February 2: Treaty of Tartu ( Russian – Estonian ) | Tartu Peace Treaty

Old High German hleib and modern German Laib derive from this Proto-Germanic word for " loaf ", and through borrowing it gave rise to Polish chleb, Russian хлеб ( khleb ), Finnish leipä and Estonian leib as well.

* Troops led by Estonian resistance fighter Lembitu of Lehola destroy a garrison of missionaries in the historical Estonian region of Sakala, and raid the Russian town of Pskov.

Currently these include the Orthodox of the Belarusian exarchate ; the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia ; the Latvian, the Moldovan, the Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate.

In the aftermath of World War I and the Russian revolutions, the Estonian Declaration of Independence was issued in February 1918.

By 1981, Russian was taught in the first grade of Estonian-language schools and was also introduced into Estonian pre-school teaching.

The Centre Party, led by the mayor of Tallinn Edgar Savisaar, has been increasingly excluded from collaboration, since his open collaboration with Putin's United Russia party, real estate scandals in Tallinn, and the Bronze Soldier controversy, considered as a deliberate attempt of splitting the Estonian society by provoking the Russian minority.