Russian chronicles mention prince Oleg of Novgorod use kites during the siege of Constantinople in 906 A. D .: " and he crafted horses and men of paper, armed and gilded, and lifted them into the air over the city ; the Greeks saw them and feared ".

Since the 19th century, there have been attempts to identify him with the Viking prince Rurik of Russian chronicles.

* The Russian city of Novgorod is first mentioned in the chronicles.

* According to Russian chronicles, Novgorod attacks Finland with devastating results.

The Chudes, as mentioned by a monk Nestor in the earliest Russian chronicles, were the Ests or Esthonians.

Roots of Russian literature can be traced to Middle Ages, when epics and chronicles in Old Russian were composed.

Not until the 16th century did Russian chronicles begin explicitly using Golden Horde to designate this successor khanate of the Mongol Empire.

Its left wing or " left hand " ( in official Mongolian-sponsored Persian sources ) was called Blue Horde in Russian chronicles but White Horde in Timurid sources ( e. g. Zafar-Nameh ).

In 1293 Toqta sent a punitive expedition led by his brother, Tudaun ( Dyeden in Russian chronicles ), to Russia and Belarus to punish those stubborn subjects.

Internal peace and order together with the absence of Mongolian raids to the Moscow principality was mentioned in Russian chronicles as “ great peace, silence, and relief of Russian land .”

Recently, however, scholars such as David Christian and Constantine Zuckerman have suggested that the Schechter Letter's account is corroborated by various other Russian chronicles, and suggests a struggle within the early Rus ' polity between factions loyal to Oleg and to the Rurikid Igor, a struggle that Oleg ultimately lost.

Though the earliest preserved Russian domes of such type date from the 16th century, illustrations from older chronicles indicate that they were at least used since the late 13th century.

Another source says that when Tokhtamysh was defeated he fled to the ' land of Sibir ' ( the first mention of ' Sibir ' in Russian chronicles ).

In the film, she played Louise Bryant, a journalist and feminist, who flees from her husband to work with radical journalist John Reed ( Beatty ), and later enters Russia to locate him as he chronicles the Russian Civil War.

Similarly, in the 11th century a Tengriist Oghuz clan — referred to as Uzes or Torks in the Russian chronicles — overthrew Pecheneg supremacy in the Russian steppe.

Ludza, one of the oldest towns in Latvia, was first mentioned in Russian chronicles dating to 1173 or 1177.

The Yauza has been mentioned in Russian chronicles since 1156 ; the exact origin of the name is unknown.

The Botik ( small boat ) museum in Pereslavl-Zalessky chronicles the history of the first Russian fleet and keeps one of the original ship models.

As far as Moscow was concerned, late Muscovite chronicles invariably portrayed Oleg Ryazansky as a bitter enemy who had betrayed the common Russian cause.

Russian chronicles record about forty attacks of Kazan khans on the Russian territories ( mainly the regions of Nizhniy Novgorod, Murom, Vyatka, Vladimir, Kostroma, Galich ) in the first half of the 16th century.

With detectors sensitive to three mass intervals and based on a few counts, the second and third Russian space probes indicate that the flux of the smallest particles detected is less than that of larger ones.

To indicate how seriously Marx took research, it is interesting to note that when he died, his estate contained several cubic metres of Russian statistical publications ( it was, as the old Marx observed, in Russia that his ideas gained most influence ).

The latest Russian census shows about 40, 000 still living in Russia, but sources indicate that given the probability of an undercount, Latvians in Russia probably number about 50, 000-60, 000.

He appeared to indicate that he did not see purchase of Russian launches for NASA crews as politically viable following the 2008 South Ossetia war, and hoped the new US administration will resolve the issue in 2009 by extending shuttle operations beyond 2010.

An apostrophe is used to indicate the hardness of the sound in the cases when normally the vowel would change the consonant to soft ; in other words, it functions like the yer in the Russian alphabet.

Some reliable sources indicate that Russian Tsar Peter I the Great during his trip to Western Europe — the so called Grand Embassy — visited the city of Gdańsk ( Danzig ).

About 700 surviving hostages were poisoned by gas, and some of them received injuries leading to disabilities of the second and third class ( by the Russian / ex-Soviet disability classification system ; indicate medium-and maximum-severity and debilitation ).

In Russia and the former Soviet Union the term motostrelki ( Мотострелки in Russian ) is used to indicate mechanized infantry, and during the Korean War this usage prevailed in all Warsaw Pact countries.

( Russian sources indicate that she was a circus performer and that they never married ).

The name does not indicate any Russian origin since such food is unknown in Russia.

In a narrow sense, Russification is used to indicate the influence of the Russian language on Slavic, Baltic and other languages, spoken in areas currently or formerly controlled by Russia, which led to the emerging of russianisms, trasianka and surzhyk.

The population has been stable for more than a decade due to intensive conservation efforts, but partial surveys conducted after 2005 indicate that the Russian tiger population is declining.

Overall, their results indicate the need to secure ecological connectivity between the two Russian populations to minimize loss of genetic diversity and overall susceptibility to stochastic events, and support a previous study suggesting that the captive population may be a reservoir of gene variants lost in situ.

This would indicate both, the aircraft's capability of extended flight and pilots ' intention to water land near the only point where rescue would be feasible ; the committee claims a lack of bodies, body parts and tissues, and luggage, both on the surface of the sea and at the bottom ; the Soviet obstruction of U. S., Korean, and Japanese search vessels trying to enter into Soviet territorial waters around Moneron Island, near which KAL 007 was last tracked spiraling downward ; Russian Federation released previously unknown Soviet transcripts of mission orders within one half hour of the shootdown, sending helicopters, KGB patrol boats, and civilian trawlers to Moneron Island ; and the Russian Federation acknowledgement of Soviet deception in its part of the search for KAL 007, all indicate a Soviet recovery of passengers and crew from the damaged and downed passenger jet.

Russian sources indicate that at least five languages were used in the Kazan khanate.

According to Chang's book, Russian archives released in 2005 indicate that Mao once told an envoy of Joseph Stalin that his forces had destroyed 30, 000 of Zhang's troops.

The history of Russian bell founding goes back to the 10th century, but in the medieval Russian Orthodox Church, bells were not typically rung to indicate church service, but to announce important ceremonies, celebrations, and as an alarm in case of fire or enemy attack.

Russian industry sources indicate that both the RVV-SD and RVV-MD will have folding fins to allow for internal carriage.

The Abazins were one of several Muslim ethnic groups living in the Russian Empire who emigrated during the Muhajir ( Caucasus ) in the mid-19th century, although some sources indicate that the Egyptian Abazas emigrated 600 – 800 years ago.

This favorable image of America in the minds of Russian men and women is still there despite years of energetic anti-American propaganda ''

Since Russian was being spoken instead of Spanish, there is no violation of artistry or logic here.

In the 1820s, the Russian-American Company, which administered a large portion of the North Pacific during a Russian led expansion of the fur trade, resettled many families to the Commander Islands ( currently, within the Aleutsky District of the Kamchatka Krai in Russia ) and to the Pribilof Islands ( currently in Alaska ), where there are currently established majority Aleut communities.

At the same time it encouraged Bulgarian aspirations over Thrace, preferring a Bulgarian Thrace to a Russian one, despite the assurances the British had given to the Russians in regard to their expansion there.

Russian demographer Boris Urlanis estimated in Voini I Narodo-Nacelenie Europi ( 1960 ) that in the first and second Balkan wars there were 122, 000 killed in action, 20, 000 dead of wounds, and 82, 000 dead of disease.

From 1907 on, English language articles sometimes used the term " Maximalist " for " Bolshevik " and " Minimalist " for " Menshevik ", which proved confusing since there was also a " Maximalist " faction within the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party in 1904 – 1906 ( which after 1906 formed a separate Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries Maximalists ) and then again after 1917.

Also, in the Ethiopian Army there was a small team of Russian advisers and volunteers of the officer the Kuban Cossack army N. S.

In the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic itself there was no separate Communist Party until 1990 as affairs were controlled directly by the CPSU.

In 1914 there were still dragoon regiments in the British, French, German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian, Peruvian, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish and Spanish armies.

The second immediate reason was the presence in Kabul in 1837 of a Russian agent, Captain P. Vitkevich, who was ostensibly there, as was the British agent Alexander Burnes, for commercial discussions.

The National Security Agency, SUPO, estimates that the known number of Russian agents from SVR and GRU now exceeds Cold War levels and there are unknown numbers of others.

Russia began its film industry in 1908 with Pathé shooting some fiction subjects there, and then the creation of real Russian film companies by Aleksandr Drankov and Aleksandr Khanzhonkov.

Because of the large local market for films in Russia, the industry there was not harmed by the war at first, although the isolation of the country led many Russian films to develop peculiarly distinctive features.

These include the half toe loop ( ballet jump ), half loop, half flip, walley jump, split jump ( there are two kinds of split jump, Russian split, performed in a position that is similar to that of a straddle split and ladies split performed in the position of the more traditional split, facing the direction of your front leg ), waltz jump, inside Axel, and one-foot Axel.

To increase the survivability of ICBMs, there was a proposal to use mobile launch platforms ( such as Russian SS-24 and SS-25 ) and so the need to fix the launch position had similarity to the SLBM situation.

Ever since, football reporters and commentators on England games have called in jest for a " Russian linesman " ( although actually Bakhramov was from Azerbaijan ) whenever there has been a contentious decision to make, especially when that decision has not gone England's way.

The prison contains a small museum with an exhibit on Powers, who allegedly developed a good rapport with Russian prisoners there.

In the east, there were decisive victories against the Russian army, the trapping and defeat of large parts of the Russian contingent at the Battle of Tannenberg, followed by huge Austrian and German successes.

Although there still were battles such as Maloyaroslavets the Napoleonic army left Russia in late 1812 annihilated, most of all by the Russian winter, exhaustion, and scorched earth warfare.

The largest are the various French schools, and there are specific Russian schools, Viennese and other schools from differing regions of Europe.

In particular, in 1731 there was no strong Kazakh leadership, and the three zhuzes were incorporated into the Russian Empire one by one.

Within the space of these tendencies there has developed a coherent critique of " orthodox Marxism " that includes not only a rejection of the concept of " the transition " but a reconceptualization of the process of transcending capitalism that has remarkable similarities to ( Peter ) Kropotkin's thinking on this subject ... Thus one of the earliest political tendencies within which this approach appeared after the Russian revolution of 1917 was that of " Council Communism " which saw the " workers councils " in Germany ( see Bavarian Soviet Republic ), or the soviets in Russia, as new organizational forms constructed by the people.

In exile in Copenhagen, Denmark, there were many Russian émigrées.