The country has of land border: of which is shared with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with Rwanda and with Tanzania.

Air service is maintained by Air Burundi, which operates domestic service and flies to Rwanda, Tanzania, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The Commonwealth of Nations — formerly the British Commonwealth — is a voluntary association of 54 independent sovereign states, most of which are former British colonies, or dependencies of these colonies with three exceptions, Mozambique ( which was a Portuguese possession ), Rwanda ( which was a Belgian mandate ) and Cameroon ( which is a union of a French mandate and a British mandate ) plus the United Kingdom itself.

The most important is the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda ( FDLR ), against which Laurent Nkunda's troops were fighting, but other smaller groups such as the anti-Ugandan Lord's Resistance Army are also present.

Mainly or partially francophone or francosphere countries include France, Belgium ( Wallonia is almost entirely francophone, and there is a large French-speaking community in the Brussels-Capital Region and a few bordering municipalities ), Canada ( the province of Quebec is francophone, and there are large French-speaking communities in Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and other Canadian provinces ), United States ( South / Central Louisiana and parts of Maine ), Switzerland, Haiti, the French West Indies and several countries in Africa, including Congo, Burundi, Madagascar and Rwanda, that are former French or Belgian colonies.

Some notable operations include: the Chadian – Libyan conflict in 1969 – 72 ( the first time that the Foreign Legion was sent in operations after the Algerian War ), 1978 – 79, and 1983 – 87 ; Kolwezi in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo in May 1978 ; Rwanda in 1990 – 94 ; and the Côte d ' Ivoire ( the Ivory Coast ) in 2002 to the present.

* 1959 – In Rwanda, Hutu politician Dominique Mbonyumutwa is beaten up by Tutsi forces, leading to a period of violence known as the wind of destruction.

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Rwanda, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Politics of Rwanda takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Rwanda is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

Rwanda is a rural country with about 70 % of the population engaged in agriculture.

While the production of coffee and tea is well-suited to the small farms, steep slopes, and cool climates of Rwanda and has ensured access to foreign exchange over the years, farm size continues to decrease.

It has been under-acknowledged to date that at least part of the increase in production is because of new mines opening up in Rwanda.

Rwanda is also alleged to be trading in fraudulently exported gold and diamonds from the DRC

Rwanda is exploiting these natural resources through joint hydroelectric projects with Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Rwanda is also linked by road with other countries in East Africa, via which the majority of the country's imports and exports are made.

Rwanda is an active member of the United Nations, having presided over the Security Council during part of 1995.

Rwanda is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Commonwealth of Nations since November 2009 ; and the East African Union, which may become the East African Federation.

Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( ), is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south.

** A United Nations court finds Jean-Paul Akayesu, the former mayor of a small town in Rwanda, guilty of nine counts of genocide, marking the first time that the 1948 law banning genocide is enforced.

* November 1 – In Rwanda, Hutu politician Dominique Mbonyumutwa is beaten up by Tutsi forces, leading to a period of violence known as the wind of destruction.

** American naturalist Dian Fossey is found murdered in Rwanda.

"" ( Kinyarwanda for " Beautiful Rwanda ") has been the national anthem of Rwanda since January 1, 2001.

In November 1995, the presidents of Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zaire ( currently Democratic Republic of Congo ) announced a regional initiative for a negotiated peace in Burundi facilitated by former Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere.

Rwandan Hutu militia forces ( Interahamwe ), who had fled Rwanda following the ascension of a Tutsi-led government, had been using Hutu refugees camps in eastern Zaire as a basis for incursion against Rwanda.

# North and South Kivu, where Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda ( FDLR ) continues to threaten the Rwandan border and the Banyamulenge, and where Rwanda supports RCD-Goma rebels against Kinshasa ( see Kivu war ).

High mountains of the Ruwenzori Range ( some above ) are found on the eastern borders with Rwanda and Uganda ( see Albertine Rift montane forests for a description of this area ).

* International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

Cape Verde, Rwanda, and Togo as non-member states, have been approved for membership, and will each become a Member State once it deposits the necessary legal instrument.

* International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

Previous Prosecutors have been Ramón Escovar Salom of Venezuela ( 1993 – 1994 ), Richard Goldstone of South Africa ( 1994 – 1996 ), Louise Arbour of Canada ( 1996 – 1999 ), Eric Östberg of Sweden, and Carla Del Ponte of Switzerland ( 1999 – 2007 ), who until 2003, simultaneously served as the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda where she led the OTP since 1999.

A centuries-old tradition of legal scholarship has made the Netherlands the home of the International Court of Justice ; the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal ; the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ; the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ; and the International Criminal Court ( ICC ).

Lissouba traveled throughout southern and central Africa in September, asking the governments of Rwanda, Uganda, and Namibia for assistance.

It was the first presidential meeting between the two countries for 13 years, with the two countries having come to a disagreement in 1996 following an invasion by Rwanda into eastern Congo, a disagreement which was renewed in 1998 after a further invasion.

The largest U. S. Government programs are the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief ( PEPFAR ) and the President's Malaria Initiative, which aim to reduce the impact of these debilitating diseases in Rwanda.

* 1998 – The UN's International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda finds Jean Paul Akayesu, the former mayor of a small town in Rwanda, guilty of nine counts of genocide.

The post – World War I accords and the League of Nations charter designated the area a British Mandate, except for a small area in the northwest, which was ceded to Belgium and later became Rwanda and Burundi, as well as a small area in the southeast ( Kionga Triangle ), incorporated to Portuguese East Africa ( later Mozambique ).

These include the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ), the International Criminal Court ( ICC ), the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ( ICTY ), and the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ( ICTR ).

* International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ( ICTR, appeals court only ).

He headed the formation of both the New Partnership for Africa's Development ( NEPAD ) and the African Union ( AU ) and has played influential roles in brokering peace deals in Rwanda, Burundi, Ivory Coast and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The genocide in Rwanda caused a massive refugee crisis, again highlighting the difficulties for UNHCR to uphold its mandate, and the UNHCR continued to battle against restrictive asylum policies in so called ' rich ' nations.

* Kivu conflict ( 2004 – 2009 ) – an armed conflict between the military of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( FARDC ) and the Hutu Power group Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda ( FDLR ).