* 1989 – Lecabela Quaresma, São Toméan runner

In the 1970s, there were two significant population movements — the exodus of most of the 4, 000 Portuguese residents and the influx of several hundred São Toméan refugees from Angola.

It was reported that one of the aims of the programme was to prepare São Toméan troops for international peacekeeping missions. Previous phases of reform saw the armed forces downsized considerably in the early 1990s in line with a reduction in regional threat assessment.

The São Toméan Government has traditionally obtained foreign assistance from various donors, including the UN Development Programme, the World Bank, the European Union, Portugal, Taiwan and the African Development Bank.

São Toméan relations with other African countries in the region, such as Gabon and the Republic of the Congo, are also good.

The São Toméan government has generally maintained a foreign policy based on nonalignment and cooperation with any country willing to assist in its economic development.

Joaquim Rafael Branco ( born 1953 ) is a São Toméan politician.

* Maria Tome, São Toméan politician

The godfathers of São Toméan popular music was the band Leoninos, which was founded in 1959 by Quintero Aguiar.

Among these groups was Mindelo, who fused São Toméan rhythms with rebita, an Angolan style, to form puxa.

* Joaquim Rafael Branco, São Toméan politician

Evaristo do Espírito Santo Carvalho ( born 1942 ) is a São Toméan politician.

Each of the seven military commands has its headquarters in a major city: Eastern Military Command ( Comando Militar do Leste-CML ), Rio de Janeiro ; Southeastern Military Command ( Comando Militar do Sudeste-CMSE ), São Paulo ; Southern Military Command ( Comando Militar do Sul-CMS ), Porto Alegre ; Northeastern Military Command ( Comando Militar do Nordeste-CMN ), Recife ; CMO, Campo Grande ; CMP, Brasília ; and CMA, Manaus.

* 1969 – Carlos Lamarca leads the first urban guerrilla action against the military dictatorship of Brazil in São Paulo, by robbing two banks.

The island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe off the coast of West Africa maintains a very small military, consisting of four branches: the Army, the Coast Guard, the Presidential Guard, and the National Guard.

In the 2005 fiscal year, military expenditures were $ 581, 729, about 0. 8 % of São Tomé and Príncipe's gross domestic product.

The only craft in military service thereafter were four Zodiac Rigid Hull Inflatable Boats in São Tomé harbour and one in Príncipe. Improvements to naval capabilities are considered vital to increase security in the exclusive economic zone ( EEZ ) to protect oil concerns and to stem the rise of coastal trafficking operations in the Gulf of Guinea area.

With the development of São Tomé's oil reserves, American diplomatic and military relations are becoming closer.

In February 1969 Gil and Veloso were arrested by the Brazilian military government, brought from São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro, and spent three months in prison and another four under house arrest, before being freed on the condition that they leave the country.

* Knight in the military orders of the Order of Christ, Order of Santiago, Order of São Bento de Avis and Order of the Tower and Sword ;

Following Portugal's coup of 25 April 1974, the left-wing military regime that replaced the 48-year old Portuguese dictatorship soon decided to grant independence to the five territories administered by Portugal in Africa ( Cabo Verde, Overseas Province of Guinea, São Tomé e Príncipe, Overseas Province of Angola and Overseas Province of Mozambique ).

During both the Portuguese Colonial War and the Angolan Civil War, the MPLA received military and humanitarian support primarily from the governments of Algeria, Bulgaria, East Germany, Cape Verde Islands, Czechoslovakia, the Congo, Cuba, Guinea-Bissau, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, North Korea, the People's Republic of China, Romania, São Tomé and Príncipe, Somalia, the Soviet Union, Sudan, Tanzania, Vietnam, and Yugoslavia.

In March 1968, Soares was arrested again by PIDE, and a military tribunal sentenced him to banishment in the colony of São Tomé in the Gulf of Guinea.

The Brazilian Revolution of 1930, that marked the end of the Old Republic ( with the deposition of President Washington Luís ; the abrogation of the country's 1891 Constitution with a view to the establishment of a new constitutional order ; the dissolution of the National Congress ; Federal intervention in State governments and the alteration of the political landscape, with the suppression of the hegemony until then enjoyed by the oligarchies of São Paulo and Minas Gerais ), signals the beginning of the Vargas Era ( given that, upon the triumph of the Revolution, a provisional military junta ceded power to Vargas, recognized as the leader of the revolutionary movement ).

During the 16th century, the Portuguese set up military points on the shore of São Sebastião Island.

Luiz Mott graduated in Social Sciences from the University of São Paulo ( USP ) during the repressive military regime, obtained a masters degree in Ethnography from Sorbonne / Paris and a doctorate in Anthropology from the University of Campinas / Unicamp ( São Paulo, Brazil ).

After release, Mascarenhas continued his career in the army and was put under arrest for a second time in 1932 when he proclaimed his support for a military and civil uprising against Vargas in São Paulo during 1932.

In 1937 he became a General and was, in the following years, commander of the 7th and 9th military regions in Recife and São Paulo respectively.

The military revolt was fomented by Magalhães Pinto, Adhemar de Barros, and Carlos Lacerda, Governors of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro, respectively.

His election marked the coming to power of the coffee oligarchy of São Paulo ( the " paulista oligarchy ") in place of the military.

Sever and Alvite were part of the Couto de São João de Tarouca ( a military administration ) created in 1140, while Vilar was part of the Honra de Fonte Arcada ( an honorific title bestowed to nobility ).

During the Minas and São Paulo Revolution that was happened between 1841 and 1842 a lot of residents ran away with the purpose to escape from the military draft and to discover new areas.

The harbor, now of little commercial or strategic importance ( but formerly a major commercial and military port ), is sheltered on the west and southwest by the promontory of Monte Brasil, but, today, it is less important than the neighboring ports of Ponta Delgada on the island of São Miguel and Horta on the island of Faial.

During the nineteenth century, at least from 1879 onward, the Old Square served as the site for concerts by the military band of the Tenth Chasseur regiment, whose barracks was in the Fortress of São João Baptista ( St. John the Baptist ); for more than half a century, they regularly played music for the citizens of Angra.

* Fort of Topo-a military fortification used in the south-eastern defense of São Jorge, from pirates and privateers seeking conquest of Portuguese shipping returning from Africa and India.

São Tomé and Príncipe's army is a tiny force with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly ineffective operating unilaterally ; infantry equipment is considered simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or replacement after 25 years in tropical climates ; poor pay, working conditions, and alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers have been problems in the past, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups ; these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance aimed at improving the army and its focus on realistic security concerns ; command is exercised from the president, through the Minister of Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff ( 2005 )

São Paulo State Military Police Mounted Police officers in São Paulo, Brazil.

Two years later, on 5 July 1924, another group of army officers mounted a rebellion in São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul.

Mounted Police officers in São Paulo, Brazil.

São Tomé and Príncipe does not have railways.

In 2007, the US Navy renovated and restored to full use the only ramp at the coast guard base in São Tomé, which had been out of service. São Tomé and Príncipe has the Automatic Identification System ( AIS ) receivers and in January 2008 became the first African country to have Regional Maritime Awareness Capability ( RMAC ) installed and integrated into

São Tomé's success in implementing structural reforms has been rewarded by international donors, who have pledged increased assistance in 2001.

In the 2000s, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre have gained several vegetarian and vegan restaurants.

Larger cities, such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba, etc., also have sub-prefects, appointed to their offices by the elected prefect.

A common language, tradition, and colonial experience have led to close collaboration between São Tomé and other ex-Portuguese colonies in Africa, particularly Angola.

Athina Onassis and Alvaro de Miranda Neto have a home base in São Paulo, but they travel throughout the year with the Global Champions Tour, of which Onassis-Miranda is official patroness.

Alberto Santos-Dumont – seriously ill, and said to be depressed over his multiple sclerosis ( not confirmed ) and the use of aircraft in warfare – is believed to have committed suicide by hanging himself in the city of Guarujá in São Paulo, on July 23, 1932.

One of the largest and most famous of Portuguese galleons was the São João Baptista ( nicknamed Botafogo, ' spitfire '), a 1, 000-ton galleon built in 1534, said to have carried 366 guns.

They play in the Campeonato Carioca, Rio de Janeiro's state league, and the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A or Brasileirão, Brazil's national league, and are one of the only five clubs to have never been relegated, along with Santos, São Paulo, Internacional and Cruzeiro.

Since then, São Paulo have won it 110 times, Santos 84, and there have been 62 draws.

Internacional is also one of only eight teams to have won CONMEBOL's treble ( the others being Olimpia, São Paulo, Independiente, Vélez Sársfield, Cruzeiro, Boca Juniors and LDU Quito ).

Cruzeiro Esporte Clube () is a Brazilian football team, from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, and are one of the only five clubs to have never been relegated, along with Santos, São Paulo, Flamengo and Internacional.

Cruzeiro is one of only eight teams to have won CONMEBOL's treble ( the others being Olimpia, São Paulo, Independiente, Vélez Sársfield, Boca Juniors, Internacional and LDU Quito ).

Similar to the Italians of São Paulo ( who founded Palestra Itália, now known as Palmeiras ) the people of Belo Horizonte wanted the Italian colonies in Minas Gerais to have its own club as well.

Up until the relegation, it was one of the only six clubs to have never been removed from the first division, along with Internacional, Cruzeiro, Flamengo, Santos and São Paulo, though the last two ( even they never played any of the lower divisions ), didn't participate in the 1979 Brazilian Championship's 1st division, in order to avoid conflicts with Paulista Championship schedule.

The first historical information we have from the area where today is the state of Paraná, comes from the Bandeirantes, groups of the first settlers from São Paulo, a city that already in the 16th century served as a departure point to colonizing expeditions around the future Brazil, and parts of what today is Argentina and Paraguay in searching gold mines.

Exportation and importation through its port have made it the modern city one finds today and turned it into the indispensable outlet for the production of the powerhouse that is São Paulo State.

By the time they discover their error, they have too little fuel to reach an airport, they belly-land the airliner in a remote area of the Amazon jungle near São José do Xingu, Brazil, killing 13 passengers.

Art festivals such as FILE Electronic Language International Festival ( São Paulo ), Transmediale ( Berlin ), Prix Ars Electronica ( Linz ) and readme ( Moskow, Helsinki, Aarhus, Dortmund ) have devoted considerable attention to the medium and through this have helped to bring software art to a wider audience of theorists and academics.