The low-order bit of the SSAP indicates whether the packet is a command or response packet ; if it's 0, the packet is a command packet, and if it's 1, the packet is a response packet.

When both the DSAP and the SSAP are set to the hexadecimal value 0xAA ( or 0xAB, if the low-order bit of the field is set ), the SNAP service is requested.

ATM can also use a Presentation ( PSAP ) and Session ( SSAP ) Access Point, but these may also be unspecified ; this is up to the application.

The 802. 2 header includes two eight-bit address fields, called service access points or SAPs in OSI terminology ; they are the destination SAP ( DSAP ), and the source SAP ( SSAP ).

The IEEE standard adds this sublayer which adds the standard 8-bit DSAP ( Destination Service Access Point ) and SSAP ( Source Service Access Point ) labels to a given packet regardless of network type.

The remaining 7 bits of the SSAP specify the LSAP from which the packet was transmitted.

He would have been addressed as " Dato '" even if he had not been conferred a " Dato ' Sri " ( SSAP ) state award of Pahang.

OSI Application Layer protocols as well as Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ) can use Transport ( TSAP ), Session ( SSAP ) or Presentation ( PSAP ) Service Access Points to specify a destination address for a connection.

* 9 recipients of Sri Sultan Ahmad Shah Pahang ( SSAP ) which carries the title Dato ' Sri.

In computer science, a B-tree is a tree data structure that keeps data sorted and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time.

Record access is done by navigating through the data structure using pointers combined with sequential accessing.

In data structures, a data structure is said to have sequential access if one can only visit the values it contains in one particular order.

Spread spectrum generally makes use of a sequential noise-like signal structure to spread the normally narrowband information signal over a relatively wideband ( radio ) band of frequencies.

Stratovolcanoes are sometimes called " composite volcanoes " because of their composite layered structure built up from sequential outpourings of eruptive materials.

Empirical analysis in this framework studies the " sequential process through which the economic, industrial and institutional structure of an underdeveloped economy is transformed over time to permit new industries to replace traditional agriculture as the engine of economic growth.

CGT has a different emphasis than " traditional " or " economic " game theory, which was initially developed to study games with simple combinatorial structure, but with elements of chance ( although it also considers sequential moves, see extensive-form game ).

; profile ( structural context ): a scoring matrix that represents which amino acids should fit well and which should fit poorly at sequential positions in a known protein structure.

Profile columns represent sequential positions in the structure, and profile rows represent the 20 amino acids.

In the 1965 paper by Krohn and Rhodes, the proof of the theorem on the decomposition of finite automata ( or, equivalently sequential machines ) made extensive use of the algebraic semigroup structure.

Because from a given node there is more than one possible next node ( it is not a linear data structure ), then, assuming sequential computation ( not parallel ), some nodes must be deferred – stored in some way for later visiting.

Karl Lashley, in his classic paper on serial order ( Lashley, 1951 ), argued that the sequential responses that appear to be organized in a linear and flat fashion concealed an underlying hierarchical structure.

Schematic of a hierarchical sequential structure with three levels.

A sequential file is analogous to a flat file in Linux or UNIX, in that it has no specialized internal structure.

: A user-specified file has an internal structure that is identical to that of a sequential file.

: An undocumented internally used file type similar in structure to a sequential file.

In the case of a disk drive unit, the formal command string structure consists of the drive mechanism number (, not to be confused with the device number ), filename (), file type (, sequential in this example ) and access mode (, opened for writing in this example ).

Similar to a sequential structure, the NASquentials are tranched sequentially, however, each tranche has a NAS-like hard lockout date associated with it.

They often contain a sequential pay security structure with at least two classes of mortgage-backed securities issued, with one class receiving scheduled principal payments and prepayments before any other class.

This was a structure based on a sequential design flow, sometimes called the ‘ Waterfall Model ’.

Owner trusts are the most common structure used when issuing auto loans and allow investors to receive interest and principal on sequential basis.

You can still create a structure where you can have a category and then a sequential number e. g. 231-1002 ( 2 = Hardware 3 = Screw 1 = Phillips then the unique number 1002 ) This is also more efficient for data entry where using numbers and dashes are part of a normal keypad which means you don't have to use both hands on a keyboard.

Each oligo pair forms a required platform for assembly of the signal amplification structure ( tree ) through a series of sequential hybridization steps using the branched DNA ( bDNA ) signal amplification technology.

The speedup of a program using multiple processors in parallel computing is limited by the sequential fraction of the program.

The speedup of a program using multiple processors in parallel computing is limited by the time needed for the sequential fraction of the program.

The maximum speedup in an improved sequential program, where some part was sped up times is limited by inequality

The " Ten-in-One " offers a program of ten sequential acts under one tent for a single admission price.

In the mid-19th century, Rebecca Smith Pollard developed a sequential reading program of intensive synthetic phonics, complete with a separate teacher's manual and spelling and reading books.

It is clear that this problem is P-complete: if we can parallelize a general simulation of a sequential computer, then we will be able to parallelize any program that runs on that computer.

Ladder logic is widely used to program PLCs, where sequential control of a process or manufacturing operation is required.

Since execution of rungs is sequential within a program and may be undefined or obscure within a rung, some logic race conditions are possible which may produce unexpected results ; complex rungs are best broken into several simpler steps to avoid this problem.

A program solving a large mathematical or engineering problem will typically consist of several parallelizable parts and several non-parallelizable ( sequential ) parts.

If the sequential portion of a program accounts for 10 % of the runtime, we can get no more than a 10 × speed-up, regardless of how many processors are added.

Both Amdahl's law and Gustafson's law assume that the running time of the sequential portion of the program is independent of the number of processors.

The output of a sequential circuit or computer program at any time is completely determined by its current inputs and current state.

For instance, a group of files normally read in a sequence ( for instance, certain DLLs and other resource files accessed by a program when it starts ; or, the audio / visual media files in a game ) can be considered fragmented if they are not in sequential order on the disk.

This institutional service did not diminish the creativity and originality of his research program, which led to three postulates for the binding mechanism for ATP synthesis — that energy input was not used primarily to form ATP but to promote the binding of phosphate and mostly the release of tightly bound ATP ; that three identical catalytic sites went through compulsory, sequential binding changes ; and that the binding changes of the catalytic subunites, circularly arranged on the periphery of the enzyme, were driven by the rotation of a smaller internal subunit.

It was first defined as the property that requires that "... the result of any execution is the same as if the operations of all the processors were executed in some sequential order, and the operations of each individual processor appear in this sequence in the order specified by its program.

CPUs that do not use sequential execution with a program counter are extremely rare.

Although ANTIC's program counter is 16-bit, only 10 bits are changed during normal ( i. e. sequential ) execution of the display list.

This type of program is usually sequential, cumulative, continuous, proficiency-oriented, and part of an integrated grade school sequence.

For example, consider a program that consists of two sequential if-then-else statements.

The Center for Cartoon Studies ( CCS ) is an unaccredited two year institution focusing on sequential art, specifically Comics and Graphic Novels, Located in the village of White River Junction, in the town of Hartford, Vermont, the Center offers a Master of Fine Arts degree, both one and two-year certificate programs, as well as summer programs, and is " the only college-level training program of its kind in the United States.

In practice, a single channel program may result in the establishment of several sequential connections.

File name specifiers can also be used here, for example, saves the BASIC program to a ( program ) file and saves the BASIC program to a sequential file.